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一、概述 我国许多河流坡陡流急,水能资源丰富,宜于引水式开发,但有些河段受自然条件限制(例如河床有深厚复盖层),难以修筑高坝大库,而是低闸(坝)引水,形成低水头引水枢纽,此时的进水口即所谓“开敞式进水口”。 由于低水头引水枢纽水库库容很小,而一般情况下河流都挟带泥沙,特别是山区河流推移质粒径大、数量多,因此电站运行后水库将很快淤满,其后即对进水口形成威胁。所以防止推移质进入,是开敞式进水口设计中必须解决的重要问题之一。至于悬移质泥沙,其有害粒径亦将引起水轮机磨损,但对开敞式进水口来说是很难使其不进入的,通常是在进水口之后设置沉沙池予以排除。
I. Introduction Many of our country’s rivers are steep and acute with rich water resources and are suitable for diversion development. However, some sections are limited by natural conditions (for example, the riverbed has a thick overburden) Gate (dams) water diversion, the formation of low head water diversion hub, this time the inlet is the so-called “open water inlet.” Due to the small reservoir capacity of low water head diversion reservoirs, rivers generally carry sediment, especially in mountainous rivers, where the mass of sediment is large and the quantity is large. Therefore, the reservoir will soon be full of sediment after the operation of the hydropower station, Jets pose a threat. Therefore, to prevent the transfer of quality into the open inlet design is one of the important issues to be solved. As for the suspended sediment, the harmful particle size will also cause the turbine to wear out, but it is very difficult for the open water inlet to not allow it to enter. Usually, a settling basin is set up after the water inlet to eliminate it.