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背景:赛前的高原训练目的,是希望通过高原的低氧环境刺激,使运动员在训练中获得最大的低氧生理适应性。运动员对高原的生理适应,是运动员功能提高的物质基础,反映的是机体与环境变化的顺应。目的:从自组织角度,应用训练学、脑电压缩谱指标等,通过观察游泳运动员在高原训练前(赛前)、后脑的适应性变化规律等,系统分析高原训练对运动员赛前自组织状态的影响,从脑水平对高原训练效应进行探讨。设计:抽样调查。单位:广东省体育科学研究所和华南师范大学体育学院。对象:于2001-03/04选择广东省游泳队游泳运动员9名。方法:采用时序实验观察方法,分别采集运动员上高原前1周(3月3日)、高原训练中(3月22日)和下高原第5天(4月5日)的训练成绩,下高原后第13天(4月12日)的比赛成绩及测试相应的血乳酸,并在上高原前一天(3月10日)、下高原第1天(3月30日)、下高原后第11天,即全国比赛前2天(4月10日),进行脑电压缩谱测试,以观察脑对运动训练负荷的自主适应调整水平。主要观察指标:①高原训练前、中及赛前的训练学指标及血乳酸变化情况。②高原训练前成绩与比赛成绩对照表。③高原训练前、中、后及赛前的脑评价指标变化情况。结果:①高原训练中的训练成绩有升有降,下高原后的全国比赛10人次中有6例成绩水平是下降的,高原训练后的血乳酸变化,与训练成绩呈一致变化。②高原训练后,运动员的脑信息平均分布频率向高频转移,赛前负熵值减小、信息熵离散,运动员出现比赛成绩下降的现象。结论:①运动员脑序参量构成形式的多中心化,形成技能控制信息的离散,可以导致脑功能矩阵协同水平的重调,提示运动员竞技能力下降。②高原训练的效果或者其作用的保持,需要基于运动员个体状态的训练强度涨落安排的一致性与连续性以及平原状态维持强度水平的恢复与保持。
Background: The purpose of plateau training before the game is to stimulate the hypoxic environment of the plateau to maximize the physiological adaptability of hypoxia during training. Physiological adaptation of athletes to the plateau is the material basis for the improvement of athletes’ performance, which reflects the compliance of the organism and the environment. Objective: From the perspective of self-organization, using training, the comparision of brain electrical parameters and so on, by observing the adaptability of swimming athletes before and after training (before the game) The impact of plateau training effect from brain level is discussed. Design: sample survey. Unit: Guangdong Institute of Physical Education and Sports South China Normal University. Subject: Nine swimming swimmers from Guangdong Province were selected from March 2001 to April 04. Methods: Using time series experimental methods, the training results of athletes on the first week (March 3), plateau training (March 22) and the next day on the fifth day (April 5) After the first 13 days (April 12) the game results and test the corresponding blood lactic acid, and on the day before the plateau (March 10), the next day on the plateau (March 30), after the next plateau 11 Day, that is, 2 days before the national competition (April 10), brain voltage spectral test to observe the brain to adapt to the level of self-adaptation exercise training load. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Training indicators before, during and before training and blood lactic acid changes. ② plateau training before the results and competition results table. (3) changes of brain evaluation index before, during, after and before training. Results: ① The training performance in plateau training increased or decreased. Among the 10 people in the national competition after the plateau test, 6 cases showed declining results. The blood lactic acid changes after plateau training varied in unison with the training results. ② After altitude training, the average frequency distribution of athletes ’brain information shifts to high frequency, the negative entropy decreases before the competition, the information entropy is discrete, and the athletes’ scores decrease. Conclusions: ①Centralization of athletes ’brain sequence parameters forms discreteness of skill control information, which can lead to the re-adjustment of brain function matrix coordination level, suggesting that athletes’ athletic ability declines. ② The effect of plateau training or the maintenance of its function requires the consistency and continuity of the training intensity fluctuation arrangement based on the individual state of the athlete as well as the recovery and maintenance of the intensity level of maintaining the plain state.