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中国梨喀木虱是我国北方各省梨树的主要害虫之一,明确其发生规律与物候及温度的关系至关重要。为此,该研究于2012年对山西省农科院果树所梨园周年温度及物候与中国梨喀木虱的发生数量动态进行了系统分析,并在2013年进行了结果验证。结果表明:梨花芽萌动初期,平均温度在0.7℃时,越冬代成虫开始出蛰,温度达到6.6℃时达到高峰;花期平均温度在24℃时,第一代若虫出现高峰;幼果期平均温度在25℃时,第二代若虫达到高峰期;果实近成熟期平均温度在20.8℃时,第三代若虫发生高峰期;果实采摘后期,平均温度在11.1℃时,第四代若虫出现高峰期。该结果为全国各地根据当年物候及其温度准确掌握梨园中国梨喀木虱各代各关键虫态的发生时期提供科学依据,为掌握关键防治时期、减少打药次数奠定了基础,为减少人工系统实地调查梨木虱发生数量、计算机建立发生动态模拟模型提供参考。
Pear is one of the major pests of pear trees in the northern provinces of China. It is of crucial importance to clarify the relationship between its occurrence and phenology and temperature. Therefore, in 2012, the study systematically analyzed the annual temperature and phenology of pear orchard in Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the occurrences of Psylla in China, and verified the results in 2013. The results showed that when the average temperature was 0.7 ℃, the overwintering adults began to sting at the initial temperature of 6.6 ℃, and reached its peak at the average temperature of 24 ℃. The mean annual fruit temperature The second generation nymphs reached the peak at 25 ℃, the third generation nymphs peaked at the fruit ripening average temperature of 20.8 ℃, and the fourth generation nymphs peaked at the average temperature of 11.1 ℃ . The results provided a scientific basis for accurately grasping the occurrence of each key insect state of Pear’s tree pests in China during the whole year in accordance with the current year’s phenology and its temperature, and laid the foundation for grasping the key prevention and treatment periods and reducing the number of pesticides to be administered. Investigate the occurrence of pear psylla and establish a dynamic simulation model by computer.