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从殷商到战国,我国作战的主要方式是车战,攻防的主要手段是战车,军队的主力是车兵(士)。一个国家拥有战车的多少是这个国家强弱的标志。古代的车分为马车和牛车两种。马车古名小车,是供责族出行和作战用的;牛车古名大车,一般只用来运输货物。马车的车厢叫“舆”,是乘人的部分。舆的前面和两旁用木板做成屏蔽,乘车的人从舆的后面上车。古人乘车是站在车舆里的,叫做“立乘”。舆两旁的木板可以倚靠身体,叫做“倚”。舆前部的横木可以凭倚扶手,叫做“轼”。车舆上有车盖,形如大伞,是遮日和防雨用的。车舆压在车轴上,轴的两端是车轮。轮中有毂,毂上有木制辐条18至20根,有的有30根。辕是驾车用的车杠,后端和车轴相连,
From the Shang Dynasty to the Warring States period, the main mode of warfare in our country is the car warfare. The main means of offensive and defensive operations is chariots, and the main force of the army is the car (pastoral). How much a country owns a chariot is a sign of the strength of the country. Ancient cars are divided into carriages and carts. The ancient carriage of the carriage is used for the travel of the people in charge and for combat; the ancient cart of the cart of the old cart is generally used only for the transportation of goods. The wagon’s compartment is called “Cockroach” and it is a part of people. The front and sides of the fence were shielded with wooden boards, and the people who boarded the train boarded the train from behind the curtains. The ancients were standing in the rim of the car, called “Li Cheng.” The wood on both sides can be leaning on the body, called “lean.” The crossbar at the front of the raft can be attached to the armrest and is called the “skull.” There is a car cover on the rut, which is shaped like a big umbrella. It is used for sun protection and rain protection. The cart is pressed against the axle and the ends of the axle are the wheels. There is a hub in the wheel, with 18 to 20 wooden spokes and 30 in the hub.辕 is a car lever for driving, and the rear end is connected with the axle.