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国家语言战略是基于国家语言需求,提升国家语言能力的全局性、系统性和长远性的宏观语言规划,其重要性关乎国家利益和国家安全。冷战以来,美国对苏联和俄罗斯在不同时期采取了不同的语言战略。从20世纪80年代实施至今的“东欧及原苏联研究和语言培训项目”是美国对俄语言战略的重要手段,体现了美国以语言为工具实现国家政治目标的战略意图。事实证明,美国作为全球大国的崛起并不仅仅是经济和军事优势的产物,还在于美国对其他国家内部情况的了如指掌。国家语言能力既是硬实力也是软实力,语言技能和区域知识的充分融合是外语人才和区域人才培养的关键。
National language strategy is based on national language needs, enhance the national language ability of the overall, systematic and long-term macro language planning, the importance of national interest and national security. Since the Cold War, the United States has adopted different language strategies for the Soviet Union and Russia in different periods. From the 1980s to the present, “Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union’s research and language training programs” are the important means of the U.S.-Russia language strategy and reflect the strategic intent of the United States to use language as a tool to achieve the national political goals. Facts have proved that the rise of the United States as a global power is not merely a product of economic and military superiority but also of the United States’ knowledge of the internal conditions in other countries. National language ability is both hard power and soft power. The full integration of language skills and regional knowledge is the key to cultivating foreign language talents and regional talents.