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对3个玉米自交系遗传差异不同的株系自交3代后株系间产量及相互间杂交优势进行分析。结果表明,同一自交系在遗传上存在微小差异的株系,产量水平及其产量构成因素仍然存在一定差异。自交系初始遗传差异越大,后代株系间的产量差异越大;初始单株遗传差异较小的两个玉米自交系昌7-2和郑58具有微小遗传差异株系间杂交组合的超中亲优势分别达到10.55%、4.77%,超高亲优势分别达到3.69%、3.94%。对杂交优势贡献主要来自行粒数,其次是千粒重。通过关联分析找出行粒数相关基因的SNP标记14个(-Log P>4),千粒重相关基因的SNP标记3个(-Log P>3)。在开放授粉的条件下,株系间微小遗传差异有利于提高亲本和杂交制种产量。
The yields of three lines and their heterosis were analyzed after three generations of inbred lines with different genetic differences among the three maize inbred lines. The results showed that there were still some differences in the yield levels and the yield components of the same inbred lines with minor genetic differences. The greater the initial genetic difference in inbred lines, the greater the difference in yield among the offspring lines. The two maize inbred lines Chang 7-2 and Zheng 58 with smaller initial genetic differences had minor genetic lines The super-middle-superiority reached 10.55% and 4.77% respectively, and the super-high-pro advantage reached 3.69% and 3.94% respectively. Contribution to the advantages of hybrid mainly from the line grain, followed by 1000 grain weight. Correlation analysis was used to identify 14 SNP markers (-Log P> 4) and 3 SNP markers (-Log P> 3). Under the conditions of open pollination, the slight genetic differences between the lines are conducive to raising the yield of parents and hybrid seed production.