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产业结构优化是人文—经济地理学重要的研究对象,也是政府部门加强宏观调控的作用对象,更是近年来中国步入“新常态”面临的现实问题。研究采用多区域投入产出模型,结合线性规划,构建了节能和就业导向下产业结构整体最优的模型和优化度模型。结果表明:1节能导向下,安徽的产业结构优化度最高(0.763),山西的产业结构优化度最低(0.662);就业导向下,江西的产业结构优化度最高(0.768),山西的产业结构优化度最低(0.659)。2节能导向下,产业结构优化度与单位产值能耗、重工业比重负相关;就业导向下,产业结构优化度与国有经济比重、大型企业比重负相关。3如果考虑节能和就业不同的目标导向,中国中部6省之间产业结构优化的方向存在明显的差异。4整体看,中国中部地区应保持不变或适度提高资源型产业比重,较大提高交通运输设备制造业、通信设备、计算机及其他电子设备制造业等现代制造业的比重,适度降低金属冶炼及压延加工业、非金属矿物制品业等比重。在服务业方面,较大提高燃气及水的生产和供应业、旅游业等比重,适度降低或较大降低批发零售业和餐饮业的比重,保持不变或适度降低交通运输及仓储业的比重。
The optimization of industrial structure is an important research object of humane-economic geography and an important role of government departments in strengthening macroeconomic regulation. It is also a practical issue that China has stepped into the “new normal” in recent years. The research uses multi-region input-output model and linear programming to construct the optimal model and optimization degree model of the industrial structure under energy-saving and employment-oriented. The results show that under the guidance of energy-saving, the industrial structure optimization degree of Anhui is the highest (0.763) and the industrial structure optimization degree of Shanxi is the lowest (0.662); under the employment orientation, Jiangxi has the highest industrial structure optimization (0.768), Shanxi’s industrial structure optimization The lowest degree (0.659). Under the guidance of energy-saving, the degree of industrial structure optimization is negatively correlated with the energy consumption per unit output value and the proportion of heavy industry. Under employment orientation, the degree of industrial structure optimization is negatively correlated with the proportion of state-owned economy and the proportion of large-scale enterprises. 3 Considering the goal orientation of different energy saving and employment, there are obvious differences in the direction of industrial structure optimization between the six provinces in central China. 4 As a whole, the central part of China should maintain its share of the resource-based industries or increase the proportion of resource-based industries to a large extent and greatly increase the proportion of modern manufacturing industries such as transportation equipment manufacturing, communications equipment, computers and other electronic equipment manufacturing industries and moderately reduce the proportion of metal smelting and Rolling processing industry, non-metallic mineral products industry and other weight. In respect of service industries, the proportion of production and supply of gas and water, tourism, and other industries will be greatly increased, the proportion of wholesale and retail trade and catering industry will be moderately reduced or substantially reduced, and the proportion of transportation and warehousing industries will be kept unchanged or moderately reduced .