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摘要: 大跨屋盖结构风振响应具有多模态参振及模态耦合效应显著的特点。结合模态加速法基本思想,基于时程响应划分了大跨屋盖结构风致背景响应和共振响应,并推导了各自的计算公式,其中背景响应能够考虑所有模态及其耦合项的贡献。对于共振响应,引入模态能量的概念,由结构动力特征参数及风荷载参数定义模态耦合系数,据此识别强耦合模态。在此基础上,结构总共振响应可以由各参振模态的SRSS(平方和开平方,Square root of sum of squares)组合结果叠加强耦合模态的贡献得到,从而避免复杂的CQC(完全二次型,Complete quadratic combination)组合计算,实现有效考虑模态耦合效应的目的。最后,通过国家体育场屋盖主结构风致背景响应和共振响应计算对所提方法的有效性进行了验证。关键词: 大跨屋盖; 时程响应; 背景响应; 共振响应; 模态耦合
中图分类号: TU311.3; TU312.1文献标志码: A文章编号: 10044523(2015)02026908
DOI:10.16385/j.cnki.issn.10044523.2015.02.013
引言
传统的风致背景响应和共振响应基于结构模态响应谱特性进行划分,其中背景响应为模态响应谱中与风压谱形状相近的部分,体现了脉动风的准静力作用;共振响应为结构自振频率附近模态响应谱的尖峰部分,体现了因惯性力产生的动力放大作用[1]。已有研究表明,大跨屋盖结构风振响应计算必须考虑多阶模态参振以及模态间耦合效应[2,3],按照传统概念求解背景响应和共振响应,模态间耦合效应的处理需要涉及复杂的CQC(完全二次型)组合计算,尤其是背景响应还需要将其在各阶参振模态上进行分解,计算效率很低[4,5]。
针对上述问题,国内外学者提出了不同的处理方法,文献[6]通过对共振响应频响函数分析,给出了考虑模态耦合效应的共振响应简化CQC法。文献[7]将共振响应SRSS(平方和开方)组合结果乘以一个修正系数来考虑模态耦合项的贡献。Holmes采用拟静力方法得到总背景响应,并与传统共振响应概念得到的多阶模态共振响应组合得到总响应,该方法有效考虑了背景响应的模态耦合效应,但忽略了共振响应模态耦合效应的影响[8]。文献[5]提出通过选取耦合主导模态的方法分别考虑背景响应和共振响应的模态耦合效应,该方法也是基于传统的背景响应和共振响应概念,缺陷在于背景响应的计算需要在各阶参振模态上分解,且省略了高阶模态的贡献。
本文将借鉴模态加速法基本思想[9],基于结构时程响应重新划分大跨屋盖结构风致背景响应和共振响应,其中背景响应自动考虑了所有模态的耦合效应,同时给出考虑模态耦合效应的共振响应实用计算方法,从而实现有效考虑背景响应和共振响应模态耦合效应的目的。
1基于时程响应的背景和共振分量
大跨屋盖结构在脉动风荷载作用下的运动方程为Md(t)+Cd(t)+KXd(t)=LPd(t)(1)式中M,C和K分别为结构的质量、阻尼和刚度矩阵;d(t),d(t)和Xd(t)分别为加速度、速度和位移向量;Pd(t)为测压点处的脉动风荷载,L表示测压点与节点间等效力转换矩阵。
6结论
基于时程响应划分了大跨屋盖结构的风致背景响应和共振响应,并推导了各自的计算公式,其中背景响应能够考虑所有模态及其耦合项的贡献;对于共振响应,首先通过定义的模态耦合系数识别耦合主导模态,然后由各主要参振模态的SRSS组合结果再叠加耦合主导模态的贡献得到。
对国家体育场屋盖主结构风致背景响应和共振响应计算表明,采用本文所提方法能够较好的考虑模态间的耦合效应。对于模态分布密集、模态耦合效应显著的大跨屋盖结构风振响应计算,本文方法既避免了采用复杂的CQC组合计算,又能较好的满足工程精度要求。
参考文献:
[1]Davenport A G. Gust loading factors[J]. Journal of the Structural Division, 1967,93(3):11—34.
[2]Nakamura O, Tamura Y, Miyashita K, et al. A case study of wind pressure and windinduced vibration of a large span opentype roof[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics.1994,52:237—248.
[3]柯世堂,葛耀君.基于一致耦合法某大型博物馆结构风致响应精细化研究[J].建筑结构学报,2012,33(3):111—117.
Ke Shitang, Ge Yaojun. Refined research on windinduced response of roof structure of a large museum based on consistent coupled method[J]. Journal of Building Structures, 2012,33(3):111—117.
[4]田玉基,杨庆山.北京奥林匹克公园网球中心赛场悬挑钢屋盖结构风振响应分析[J].建筑结构学报,2009,30(3):126—132.
Tian Yuji, Yang Qingshan. Windinduced response of cantilevered steel roof of Olympic Park Tennis Center Stadium[J]. Journal of Building Structures, 2009,30(3):126—132. [5]李玉学,杨庆山,田玉基.大跨屋盖风致背景响应和共振响应的模态耦合[J].振动工程学报,2009,22(6):614—619.
Li Yuxue, Yang Qingshan, Tian Yuji. Modal coupling effects for windinduced background response and resonant response of largespan roof[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2009,22(6):614—619.
[6]罗楠,廖海黎,李明水.大跨屋盖结构共振响应的简化CQC法[J].西南交通大学学报,2012,47(6):916—920.
Luo Nan, Liao Haili, Li Mingshui. Simplified CQC method for resonant response of longspan roof structure[J]. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 2012,47(6):916—920.
[7]Zhou Y, Kareem A, Gu M. Equivalent static buffeting wind loads on structure[J]. Journal of Structural Engineering,2000,126(8):989—992.
[8]Holmes J D. Effective static load distributions in wind engineering[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 2002,90(2):91—109.
[9]Clough R W, Penzien J. Dynamics of Structures[M]. 3rd ed. Berkeley: Computer & Structures, Inc., 2003.
[10]Li Y X, Yang Q S, Tian Y J. Identification of Dominant Modes to windinduced vibration Response of largespan roofs[A]. The 10th International Symposium on Structural Engineering for Young Experts[C]. Beijing: Science Press, 2008,11:1 051—1 056.
[11]Yang C Y. Random Vibration of Structures[M]. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,1986.
[12]武岳,吴迪,孙瑛.结构风振分析中的脉动风荷载频率补偿方法[J].振动工程学报,2010,23(5):480—486.
Wu Yue, Wu Di, Sun Ying. The frequency compensation of fluctuating wind loads in windinduced response analysis[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2010,23(5):480—486.
[13]Simiu E, Scanlan R H. Wind Effects on Structures[M]. 3rd ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,1996.
[14]田玉基,杨庆山.大跨屋盖结构脉动风振响应的振型能量参与系数[J].振动工程学报,2007,20(3):219—223.
Tian Yuji, Yang Qingshan. Mode energy participation factors for fluctuating windinduced response of largespan roof structure[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering,2007,20(3):219—223.
Abstract: The windinduced response of largespan roofs features with multimode participating and modal coupling effects significantly. Combined with idea of modal acceleration method and based on timehistory response, windinduced background response and resonant response of largespan roofs are divided, besides, the corresponding expression formulas are deduced respectively. The contributions of all modes and their coupling effects are take into account for background response expression formula. For resonant response, introduced the concept of modal strain energy, the modal coupling coefficient is defined by parameters of both structural dynamic characteristics and fluctuating wind loads, which can be used to select coupling dominant modes. On the base of this, total resonant response can be obtained by combining the SRSS (Square root of sum of squares) results of each participant modes with the contributions of dominant coupling modes, so the complicated CQC(Complete quadratic combination) calculation is avoided, and the modal coupling effects are considered effectively. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by the analysis of windinduced background response and resonant response for the main roof structure of the National Stadium.
Key words: largespan roof; timehistory response; background response; resonant response; modal coupling
中图分类号: TU311.3; TU312.1文献标志码: A文章编号: 10044523(2015)02026908
DOI:10.16385/j.cnki.issn.10044523.2015.02.013
引言
传统的风致背景响应和共振响应基于结构模态响应谱特性进行划分,其中背景响应为模态响应谱中与风压谱形状相近的部分,体现了脉动风的准静力作用;共振响应为结构自振频率附近模态响应谱的尖峰部分,体现了因惯性力产生的动力放大作用[1]。已有研究表明,大跨屋盖结构风振响应计算必须考虑多阶模态参振以及模态间耦合效应[2,3],按照传统概念求解背景响应和共振响应,模态间耦合效应的处理需要涉及复杂的CQC(完全二次型)组合计算,尤其是背景响应还需要将其在各阶参振模态上进行分解,计算效率很低[4,5]。
针对上述问题,国内外学者提出了不同的处理方法,文献[6]通过对共振响应频响函数分析,给出了考虑模态耦合效应的共振响应简化CQC法。文献[7]将共振响应SRSS(平方和开方)组合结果乘以一个修正系数来考虑模态耦合项的贡献。Holmes采用拟静力方法得到总背景响应,并与传统共振响应概念得到的多阶模态共振响应组合得到总响应,该方法有效考虑了背景响应的模态耦合效应,但忽略了共振响应模态耦合效应的影响[8]。文献[5]提出通过选取耦合主导模态的方法分别考虑背景响应和共振响应的模态耦合效应,该方法也是基于传统的背景响应和共振响应概念,缺陷在于背景响应的计算需要在各阶参振模态上分解,且省略了高阶模态的贡献。
本文将借鉴模态加速法基本思想[9],基于结构时程响应重新划分大跨屋盖结构风致背景响应和共振响应,其中背景响应自动考虑了所有模态的耦合效应,同时给出考虑模态耦合效应的共振响应实用计算方法,从而实现有效考虑背景响应和共振响应模态耦合效应的目的。
1基于时程响应的背景和共振分量
大跨屋盖结构在脉动风荷载作用下的运动方程为Md(t)+Cd(t)+KXd(t)=LPd(t)(1)式中M,C和K分别为结构的质量、阻尼和刚度矩阵;d(t),d(t)和Xd(t)分别为加速度、速度和位移向量;Pd(t)为测压点处的脉动风荷载,L表示测压点与节点间等效力转换矩阵。
6结论
基于时程响应划分了大跨屋盖结构的风致背景响应和共振响应,并推导了各自的计算公式,其中背景响应能够考虑所有模态及其耦合项的贡献;对于共振响应,首先通过定义的模态耦合系数识别耦合主导模态,然后由各主要参振模态的SRSS组合结果再叠加耦合主导模态的贡献得到。
对国家体育场屋盖主结构风致背景响应和共振响应计算表明,采用本文所提方法能够较好的考虑模态间的耦合效应。对于模态分布密集、模态耦合效应显著的大跨屋盖结构风振响应计算,本文方法既避免了采用复杂的CQC组合计算,又能较好的满足工程精度要求。
参考文献:
[1]Davenport A G. Gust loading factors[J]. Journal of the Structural Division, 1967,93(3):11—34.
[2]Nakamura O, Tamura Y, Miyashita K, et al. A case study of wind pressure and windinduced vibration of a large span opentype roof[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics.1994,52:237—248.
[3]柯世堂,葛耀君.基于一致耦合法某大型博物馆结构风致响应精细化研究[J].建筑结构学报,2012,33(3):111—117.
Ke Shitang, Ge Yaojun. Refined research on windinduced response of roof structure of a large museum based on consistent coupled method[J]. Journal of Building Structures, 2012,33(3):111—117.
[4]田玉基,杨庆山.北京奥林匹克公园网球中心赛场悬挑钢屋盖结构风振响应分析[J].建筑结构学报,2009,30(3):126—132.
Tian Yuji, Yang Qingshan. Windinduced response of cantilevered steel roof of Olympic Park Tennis Center Stadium[J]. Journal of Building Structures, 2009,30(3):126—132. [5]李玉学,杨庆山,田玉基.大跨屋盖风致背景响应和共振响应的模态耦合[J].振动工程学报,2009,22(6):614—619.
Li Yuxue, Yang Qingshan, Tian Yuji. Modal coupling effects for windinduced background response and resonant response of largespan roof[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2009,22(6):614—619.
[6]罗楠,廖海黎,李明水.大跨屋盖结构共振响应的简化CQC法[J].西南交通大学学报,2012,47(6):916—920.
Luo Nan, Liao Haili, Li Mingshui. Simplified CQC method for resonant response of longspan roof structure[J]. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 2012,47(6):916—920.
[7]Zhou Y, Kareem A, Gu M. Equivalent static buffeting wind loads on structure[J]. Journal of Structural Engineering,2000,126(8):989—992.
[8]Holmes J D. Effective static load distributions in wind engineering[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 2002,90(2):91—109.
[9]Clough R W, Penzien J. Dynamics of Structures[M]. 3rd ed. Berkeley: Computer & Structures, Inc., 2003.
[10]Li Y X, Yang Q S, Tian Y J. Identification of Dominant Modes to windinduced vibration Response of largespan roofs[A]. The 10th International Symposium on Structural Engineering for Young Experts[C]. Beijing: Science Press, 2008,11:1 051—1 056.
[11]Yang C Y. Random Vibration of Structures[M]. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,1986.
[12]武岳,吴迪,孙瑛.结构风振分析中的脉动风荷载频率补偿方法[J].振动工程学报,2010,23(5):480—486.
Wu Yue, Wu Di, Sun Ying. The frequency compensation of fluctuating wind loads in windinduced response analysis[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2010,23(5):480—486.
[13]Simiu E, Scanlan R H. Wind Effects on Structures[M]. 3rd ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,1996.
[14]田玉基,杨庆山.大跨屋盖结构脉动风振响应的振型能量参与系数[J].振动工程学报,2007,20(3):219—223.
Tian Yuji, Yang Qingshan. Mode energy participation factors for fluctuating windinduced response of largespan roof structure[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering,2007,20(3):219—223.
Abstract: The windinduced response of largespan roofs features with multimode participating and modal coupling effects significantly. Combined with idea of modal acceleration method and based on timehistory response, windinduced background response and resonant response of largespan roofs are divided, besides, the corresponding expression formulas are deduced respectively. The contributions of all modes and their coupling effects are take into account for background response expression formula. For resonant response, introduced the concept of modal strain energy, the modal coupling coefficient is defined by parameters of both structural dynamic characteristics and fluctuating wind loads, which can be used to select coupling dominant modes. On the base of this, total resonant response can be obtained by combining the SRSS (Square root of sum of squares) results of each participant modes with the contributions of dominant coupling modes, so the complicated CQC(Complete quadratic combination) calculation is avoided, and the modal coupling effects are considered effectively. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by the analysis of windinduced background response and resonant response for the main roof structure of the National Stadium.
Key words: largespan roof; timehistory response; background response; resonant response; modal coupling