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19世纪末20世纪初是东亚国际局势极度动荡的时期,同时也是东亚国际秩序重组的重要时期。一方面,西方资本主义国家在争夺殖民地与经济从自由竞争阶段到通过联合企业、托拉斯和控制金融资本等手段日益强大的过程中进入了资本主义的最后和“最高”阶段即帝国主义阶段。为了扩张其垄断地位,追求高额垄断利润,他们进一步在亚洲扩充殖民地和划分势力范围,掀起了瓜分中国的狂潮。另一方面,东亚固有的、以中国为中心的传统国际秩序即华夷秩序被彻底打破,旧有的势力均衡也被打
The late 19th and early 20th centuries were the period of extreme turmoil in the international situation in East Asia and an important period for the restructuring of the international order in East Asia. On the one hand, western capitalist countries entered the final stage of capitalism and the “highest stage” of imperialism during their vying for colonies and economies from the period of free competition to the increasingly powerful means of through joint ventures, trusts and control of financial capital . In order to expand their monopoly status and pursue high monopoly profits, they further expanded their colonies and divided their sphere of influence in Asia, setting off a frenzy of carving up China. On the other hand, the traditional international order in East Asia, that is, the traditional Chinese order that is inherent in East Asia, has been completely broken down and the balance of the old forces also been beaten