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《祖堂集》二十卷是現存最早的一部完整的南宗禪燈史書,在研究唐五代禪宗思想以及中古、近代漢語史上均具有極高的文獻價值。而目前漢語史研究方面對《祖堂集》最大的關注在於此書是否包含唐五代的閩語成分這一問題。梅祖麟先生的一系列論文推斷:雖然《祖堂集》基本上使用唐宋時代的共通語(北方話)寫成,但書中的偈頌、會話中的一些語法和現代閩方言相一致,這就是唐五代的閩語。梅先生所提的五項閩語成分是:一、表複數的人稱代詞詞尾“濃(儂)”;二、牲畜雌性成分後置形式“~母”;三、方位介詞“著”;四、遠指代詞“許”;五、疑問代詞“底”。本文擬對此五項閩語語法成分作進一步的研究,證明這些成分(除第三、四項爲誤解,第五項當爲通語外)在唐五代不能認作閩語,只能認爲其是表示南方方言特徵的標識。至於《祖堂集》的基礎方言,筆者認爲應當根據對書中的異文別字的音韻分析來研究。《祖堂集》文本的異文别字,聲母方面是由於清濁混用、莊章組不分、精章組不分、見溪混用、影以混用、匣云(黃/王)混用等現象所致。這些現象有屬於通語性的,也有具南方方言性質的。韻母方面是由於魚麻混用、支魚混用、陽聲韻尾的合併、入聲韻尾的合併等現象所致。這些音韻特徵同樣並非閩地獨有,但綜合起來看,還是符合包括閩語在内的南方方音特點。《祖堂集》的各種原始資料,先滙集在閩東福州雪峰門下,而後寫定,在泉州編纂而成書。《祖堂集》由閩人編定,其語言具有南方方音中的閩音特徵。因而我們可以認定此書的方言背景(基礎方言)確實是閩語。
“Zu Tang Ji” Volume 20 is the earliest surviving complete history of the Southern Zen Chandelier, in the study of the Tang and Five Dynasties Zen Thought and the Middle Ages, modern Chinese history has a very high value of the literature. At present, the biggest concern about the study of the history of Chinese language is the question whether the book contains the Min language components of the Tang and the Five Dynasties. A series of dissertations by Mr. Mei Zulin point out that although Zu Tang Ji was basically written in the common language of the Tang and Song dynasties (northern dialect), some of the grammars in the book and conversations are consistent with the modern dialect of Min, This is the Min dynasty of the Tang and Five Dynasties. Mei Min mentioned five Min language components are: First, the plural of personal pronouns “thick (Lennon) ”; Second, the post-female form of livestock “~ mother ”; Third, the preposition With “; Fourth, far from the pronoun ” Xu “; Fifth, interrogative pronouns ” end “. This article intends to make further research on the grammatical components of the five Min Dialects, proving that these elements (except for the third and fourth misunderstandings and the fifth as the tongues) can not be regarded as Min Dialects in the Tang and the Five Dynasties, It is an indication of the characteristics of southern dialects. As for the basic dialect of ”Zu Tang Ji“, I think it should be based on phonological analysis of different words in the book to study. ”Zu Tang Ji“ text of the different words, the initials are due to mixed voicing, Zhuang Zhang group regardless, fine chapter group regardless, see mixed with the shadow, mixed with the shadow, cloud (yellow / king) mixed with other phenomena . These phenomena belong to the same language, but also have the nature of southern dialects. Vowel is due to the mix of fish and linen, fish mix, the combination of positive rhyme, into the end of the merger and so on. These phonological features are also not unique to Fujian, but when combined, they still conform to the southern phonetic features including Min Dialect. ”Ancestral Hall set“ a variety of raw data, first gathered in the Minfeng Xuefeng under the door, and then write, compiled in Quanzhou and book. ”Ancestral Hall set" compiled by the people of Fujian, the language has the southern tone of Minyin features. Therefore, we can conclude that the dialect background (basic dialect) of this book is indeed Min Dialect.