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英国历史上发生了三次大的统治变化。第一次是从1066年,法国的威廉征服英格兰以后,到1644年英国发生内乱,英国的民族君主制度得到加强,这期间都是由皇室统治的。第二次大的体制改革是统治开始向部门化转变,产生了大量的政府部门,政府行政人员开始大量增加。第三次变化是工业革命的到来,对英国经济发展产生了很大的影响,开始由农业生产为主,向工业生产为主的转变,从而导致人口大增,同时也给政府公共服务提出了一个新的课题,即如何为民众生活提供更好更全面的服务,如供水、供电等与民众密切相关的任务大都落到政府身上。
Three major changes of governance took place in British history. The first was that since 1066 William of France conquered England, civil strife took place in Britain in 1644, and the national monarchy in Britain was strengthened, during which time the royal family ruled. The second major reform of the system was the shift of government from domination to sectoralization, resulting in a large number of government departments and a large increase in government administrators. The third change was the advent of the industrial revolution, which had a great impact on the economic development of the United Kingdom, started the shift from agricultural production to industrial production, resulting in a huge increase in population. At the same time, it also proposed to the government public service A new topic, that is, how to provide better and more comprehensive services to people’s lives, most of the tasks closely related to the people, such as water supply and power supply, have fallen to the government.