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In recent years,Chinese scientists have achieved significant progress in paleontological discoveries and scientific studies.Series of studies published in top jouals,such as Science,Nature and Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS),have astonished the world by presenting beautiful fossils that fuish robust evidence to enrich the understanding of organismic evolution,major extinctions and stratigraphy.It has been portrayed as the heyday in the paleontology of China.What is the status of the field? What factors have caused the avalanche of fossil discoveries in China ? What implications can these new discoveries provide for our understanding of current evolution theories? How,given their significant contribution to the worlds paleontology scholarship,can Chinese scientists play a due leadership role in the field? At an online forum organized by the National Science Review (NSR),its associate editor-in-chief,Zhonghe Zhou,asked four scientists in the field as well as NSR executive editor-in-chief Mu-ming Poo to join the discussion.