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在传统中国,对弱势群体的救助以国家救济为主,民间慈善义举为辅。近代以后,地方士绅商人和宗教机构等创办的民间慈善机构及西方传教士经办的慈善事业作用突显。改革开放以来,社会分化加剧,催生了一大批弱势人群,造成一些社会冲突。这些弱势群体的主体是社会性弱势群体,主要是由于社会原因引起的,因此,应当侧重从社会支持的角度考虑对他们给予救助。在对这些弱势群体的社会救助方面,应确立现代社会救助制度理念,即现代社会救助制度是国家责任性的制度性救助;同时,强化宣传民众在社会救助中的责任,尤其是高收入阶层的纳税责任;大力推动社会保险如失业、养老、医疗保险事业的发展;发扬中华民族扶危济困、乐善好施的优良传统,广泛发动全社会的力量,救助社会弱势群体;加强弱势群体自身素质的提高,让他们学会自救自助。
In traditional China, aid to vulnerable groups is mainly based on state aid, supplemented by folk charities. In modern times, charities set up by local charismatic businessmen and religious institutions, and other charities set up by Western missionaries, have been highlighted. Since the reform and opening up, the social polarization has intensified, giving rise to a large number of vulnerable people and causing some social conflicts. The main body of these vulnerable groups is the social vulnerable groups, mainly due to social causes, therefore, we should focus on social support from the perspective of giving them relief. In terms of social assistance to these vulnerable groups, the concept of modern social assistance system should be established, that is, the modern social assistance system is a system-based aid that is responsible for the state. At the same time, it is necessary to intensify publicity of the public’s responsibilities in social assistance, especially for high-income groups Tax liability; vigorously promote the development of social insurance such as unemployment, old-age care, medical insurance; promote the fine tradition of the Chinese nation to help the poor, benevolence and charity, mobilize the power of society as a whole and help the disadvantaged groups in society; strengthen their own quality of disadvantaged groups and let them Learn to help themselves.