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世界卫生组织(WHO)报告,目前全球每年新发的癌症患者约1000万,死亡660万.未来的25年内将有3亿新病例,并有1亿死于该病.我国在过去的20年间,癌症亦有较为明显的上升趋势,且具有发展中国家高发癌谱与发达国家高发癌谱并存的特点,形成更为严重的挑战.1997年以来,我国城镇居民中癌症死亡已超过脑血管病,跃居首位,约占死因的22%以上.70年代以来,肿瘤研究的最大进展是从分子生物学的角度基本回答了肿瘤的发病机理,认识到肿瘤的发生是一系列控制细胞增殖、分化、凋亡及修复等重要行为的基因的变异.约1%的肿瘤患者是遗传的,为高危家族成员,各种基因的变异发生于生殖细胞中,据此已克隆了至少25种基因.其他肿瘤患者则为散发,在环境因素的作用下各种基因变异发生于体细胞中.其实二者的机理并无本质不同,前者为后者提供了最好的研究范本.这些研究成果正由实验室逐步进入临床,并改变着肿瘤预防、诊断及治疗的模式.
The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that there are about 10 million new cancer patients each year and 6.6 million deaths. There will be 300 million new cases in the next 25 years and 100 million will die from the disease. Our country has been in the past 20 years. The cancer also has an obvious upward trend, and it has the characteristics of a high cancer spectrum in developing countries and a high incidence of cancer spectrum in developed countries. It has become a more serious challenge. Since 1997, the deaths of cancer among urban residents in China have exceeded that of cerebrovascular disease. In the first place, accounting for more than 22% of the causes of death. Since the 1970s, the greatest progress in cancer research has been to answer the pathogenesis of tumors from the perspective of molecular biology. It is recognized that the occurrence of tumors is a series of controlled cell proliferation and differentiation. Gene mutations of important behaviors such as apoptosis and repair. About 1% of cancer patients are genetically inherited. They are members of high-risk families. Variations of various genes occur in germ cells, and at least 25 genes have been cloned accordingly. The tumor patients are sporadic. Under the influence of environmental factors, various gene mutations occur in somatic cells. In fact, the mechanism of the two is not essentially different. The former provides the best research model for the latter. These research results are positive. Gradually entered the clinic from the laboratory, and changed the model of cancer prevention, diagnosis and treatment.