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背景:儿童期精神分裂是一种严重的精神障碍,有理论认为其认知功能无论是意识水平还是潜意识水平都存在异常。但目前尚无针对儿童期精神分裂的潜意识认知功能研究。目的:开发新的双眼竞争测验版本,用于评估个体在意识和潜意识状态下对人际交往信息的认知加工过程,并依此判断儿童期精神分裂症患者的社会认知功能是否受损。方法:选取3种不同类型的图片(图片中无人物、有2～3个人物、有4个及以上的人物)共30张,这些图片在双眼竞争测验不可见模式(存在双眼竞争性抑制,反映潜意识状态下认知加工)和可见模式(无双眼竞争性抑制,反映意识状态下)中展示。对15名年龄≤16岁、以妄想为主要症状的精神分裂症患者及15名健康儿童进行双眼竞争测验,通过对目标图片出现后立即在其左侧或右侧出现光栅的方向的判别来比较两组儿童的正确率,并比较两组间的反应时间。结果:患者组对所有类型图片中光栅方向判断的正确率均低于对照组,但是12对比较中仅2对的差异有统计学意义。与对照组相比,无论是在可见模式还是非可见模式下,患者对人物图片的注意要比对无人图片的注意有所增加,但无显著性意义。我们并未发现精神病性症状的严重程度与对图像认知加工的受损程度之间存在任何关联。当要求被试对三组图片进行评分时,患者组对存在2~3个人物的图片报告的高兴程度明显高于对照组的评分,差异有统计学意义。结论:儿童期精神分裂症患者对描绘人际关系的图片注意一定程度的增加,提示该病与社会信息的认知处理过程受损相关,但目前结果尚不能证实这一关系。我们将双眼竞争范式应用于认知功能差异的研究,只是取得部分的成功,其主要原因是该测验中对不同类型图片的反应注意量的关键指标存在较大的变异。
BACKGROUND: Childhood schizophrenia is a serious mental disorder and there are theories that its cognitive function is abnormal both in consciousness and subconscious. However, there is no research on the subconscious cognitive function of childhood schizophrenia. OBJECTIVE: To develop a new version of binocular competition test for assessing individuals’ cognitive processing of interpersonal information in conscious and subconscious states and to determine whether cognitive impairment in children with schizophrenia is impaired. Methods: A total of 30 pictures were selected from 3 different types of pictures (no pictures in the picture, 2 to 3 people and 4 or more people), and these pictures were not seen in the binocular competition test (there was competitive inhibition of both eyes, Reflecting cognitive processing under the subconscious state) and visible patterns (without binocular competitive inhibition reflecting the state of consciousness). Fifteen 15-year-old schizophrenia patients with delusional symptoms and 15 healthy children were screened for binocular competition by comparing the appearance of the grating on the left or right side of the target picture immediately after the appearance of the target picture The correct rate of the two groups of children, and compare the response time between the two groups. Results: The accuracy of the judgment of the grating direction in all types of pictures in the patient group was lower than that in the control group, but only two of the 12 pairs of the differences were statistically significant. Compared with the control group, the patients’ attention to the picture of the person in the visible mode or the non-visible mode increased than that of the unmanned picture, but it had no significant meaning. We did not find any correlation between the severity of psychotic symptoms and the extent of damage to image processing. When subjects were asked to rate the three groups of pictures, the degree of happiness in the patient group was significantly higher than that of the control group with the pictures of 2-3 persons, the difference was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Children with schizophrenia in childhood have shown some degree of increase in depicting interpersonal relationships, suggesting that the disease is associated with impaired cognitive processes in social information, but the current results have not yet confirmed this relationship. The main reason that we apply the binocular competition paradigm to the study of cognitive difference is only the partial success. The main reason for this is that there are major variations in the key indicators of the reaction attentions of different types of pictures in this test.