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自40年代采用氮芥治疗癌症以来,癌化疗已取得长足的进展。然而,肿瘤组织学相同的病人对同样药物的治疗反应不尽相同。多年来,肿瘤治疗是按肿瘤组织学而不是依肿瘤对药物的敏感性给药的。自50年代起,肿瘤学家的目标是试行个体化治疗。此后,研究了多种体外检测法在肿瘤治疗前预测疗效。70年代采用人肿瘤干细胞检定方法,一般认为使肿瘤学跨入一个在体外预测化敏试验的新纪元。近年来又有几种方法产生,如Kern法,ATP生物发光法和荧光细胞标记法。其它还有MTT法和硫代碱性蕊香红蓝法等。用所建肿瘤细胞系筛选和评价新药的潜能比评价临床样品的化敏更有希望。
Since the use of nitrogen mustard in the treatment of cancer in the 1940s, cancer chemotherapy has made considerable progress. However, patients with the same tumor histology did not respond to the same drug treatment. For many years, cancer treatment was based on the histology of the tumor and not on the sensitivity of the tumor to the drug. Since the 1950s, the goal of oncologists has been to try out individualized treatments. Since then, a variety of in vitro assays have been studied to predict efficacy before tumor treatment. In the 1970s, the use of human cancer stem cell assays was generally considered to allow oncology to enter a new era of in vitro predictive susceptibility testing. In recent years there have been several methods, such as the Kern method, the ATP bioluminescence method, and the fluorescent cell labeling method. Others include the MTT method and the sulfonaphthalene red-blue method. It is more promising to use the established tumor cell line to screen and evaluate the potential of the new drug than to evaluate the clinical sensitivity of the clinical sample.