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目的:探讨一次和重复离心运动后大鼠骨骼肌超微结构的改变。方法:72只Wistar大鼠分为正常对照组、一次离心运动组和重复离心运动组。一次大强度运动组采用速度18 m/min、坡度-16°的下坡跑运动,大鼠先运动30 min休息5 min,再运动30 min。重复运动在一次运动结束一周后进行(运动2次),观察一次和重复运动后即刻、24 h、48 h、72 h和168 h大鼠股四头肌超微结构变化。结果:一次运动后48 h肌节损伤情况最严重,肌节紊乱甚至消失,Z线断裂,肌丝溶解,72 h出现部分恢复。重复运动后24 h,线粒体严重破坏,48 h线粒体结构逐渐恢复,72 h肌纤维已经重建,但线粒体数量、结构和功能尚未完全恢复。结论:重复运动较一次大强度离心运动促进肌纤维再生及骨骼肌重建,特别是运动后48~168 h线粒体结构与数量恢复速度加快,可能促进了受损组织有氧代谢能力提高,有利于受损组织再生。
Objective: To investigate the ultrastructural changes of skeletal muscle in rat after repeated exercise and repeated eccentric exercise. Methods: 72 Wistar rats were divided into normal control group, primary eccentric exercise group and repeated eccentric exercise group. A high-intensity exercise group used a downhill running speed of 18 m / min and a gradient of -16 °. The rats were rested for 5 min at 30 min and re-exercised for 30 min. Repetitive exercise was performed one week after the end of one exercise (twice in exercise). The changes of the quadriceps femoris muscle ultrastructure in rats were observed immediately and 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 168 h after exercise. Results: The injury of sarcomere was the most serious at 48 h after exercise. The sarcomere even disappeared, the Z line was broken, myofilament was dissolved, and partial recovery occurred at 72 h. At 24 h after repetitive exercise, the mitochondria were severely damaged, the mitochondrial structure recovered gradually at 48 h, and the muscle fibers at 72 h had been reconstructed. However, the number, structure and function of mitochondria were not completely restored. CONCLUSION: Repeated exercise is more effective than single intensive centrifugation in promoting muscle fiber regeneration and skeletal muscle remodeling. Especially, the structure and quantity of mitochondria recovered rapidly 48 to 168 h after exercise, which may promote the improvement of aerobic metabolism in damaged tissues, Tissue regeneration.