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目的了解北京市海淀区企业职业病危害因素和职业卫生管理基本情况,提出相应的职业卫生管理对策。方法通过问卷调查方式,对海淀辖区内存在职业病危害的工业企业开展职业健康状况基本情况调查。结果该区共有职业病危害企业247家,接触职业病危害因素8 778人,主要职业病危害因素以粉尘、噪声、苯系物、铅及其化合物为主。职业危害因素监测及卫生管理情况在不同经济类型企业、不同行业分布不一。全部开展建设项目职业病危害预评价和控制效果评价的企业均为29家,仅占11.7%;制定并实施危害因素检测与评价管理制度的企业132家,仅占53.4%。各项职业卫生管理指标的实施率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。职业病危害因素检测率仅为30.6%,而检测合格率较高为93%;港、澳、台商投资企业实测率最高(58.9%),与其他经济类型企业相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论该区企业普遍不重视职业病防治管理工作,职业卫生管理不到位,应继续加强对企业职业卫生管理工作的监督和指导。
Objective To understand the enterprise occupational hazards in Haidian District, Beijing and occupational health management basic situation, put forward corresponding occupational health management strategies. Methods By means of questionnaire survey, we conducted a survey on the basic conditions of occupational health in industrial enterprises with occupational hazards in Haidian district. Results A total of 247 occupational hazards were found in the district, with 8 778 exposure to occupational hazards. The main occupational hazards were dust, noise, benzene compounds, lead and its compounds. Occupational hazards and health management monitoring in different economic types of enterprises, different industries are distributed. All 29 construction enterprises were involved in pre-evaluation and control effect evaluation of occupational hazards, accounting for only 11.7% of the total; 132 enterprises that formulated and implemented the management system for hazard detection and evaluation accounted for only 53.4% of the total. The occupational health management indicators of the implementation rate of the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01). The detection rate of occupational hazards was only 30.6%, while the detection pass rate was 93% higher. The actual rate of investment in Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan was the highest (58.9%). Compared with other types of enterprises, the difference was statistically significant ( P <0.01). Conclusion The enterprises in the district generally do not attach importance to the management of occupational disease prevention and control and occupational health management is not in place. Supervision and guidance on occupational health management in enterprises in the area should continue to be strengthened.