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对象与方法：采用分层整群抽样的方法，随机抽取济南市区６０岁以上老年人１００名。其中男性４３名，平均年龄６６．５±５．６岁，平均ＢＭＩ指数２４．７±３．７，女性５７名，平均年龄６８．７±６．６岁，平均ＢＭＩ指数２４．６±３．８。用食物频数问卷和２４ｈ回忆法对其进行了膳食营养状况及一般情况调查。结果：各组膳食中能量、蛋白质、铁、维生素Ｅ、烟酸的摄入量能满足需要。，钙的摄入量普遍不足，以女性为突出，分别低于ＲＤＡ的６７％和４２％，各年龄女性组锌、硒的摄入量，低于ＲＤＡ的７０％。７０岁组维生素Ａ摄入量不能满足需要，尤以男性为甚，分别低于ＲＤＡ的５７％和４９％。，各年龄女性组维生素Ｂ１、Ｂ２的摄入量低于ＲＤＡ的６１％。膳食构成的调查结果：蛋白质供热比达到或超过１３％～１５％，优质蛋白质占４０％以上，碳水化物的供热比低于５４％，脂肪供热比超过３０％。调查中还发现，肥胖者（ＢＭＩ指数＞２５）占４０％，冠心病，占调查人数的２１％，高血压１５％、糖尿病７％。提示，城区老年人的膳食构成已发生明显变化。肉、蛋类摄取量增加，蔬菜、水果及奶类摄取量偏低；这种不平衡的膳食构成对健康极为不利。故应重视老年人的营养教育，并加以指导。另外，?
Subjects and Methods: A stratified cluster sampling method was used to randomly select 100 elderly people over the age of 60 in Jinan City. There were 43 males with an average age of 66.5 ± 5.6 years, an average BMI of 24.7 ± 3.7 and 57 females, with an average age of 68.7 ± 6.6 years and an average BMI of 24.6 ± 3 .8. Food frequency questionnaire and 24-h recall method for their dietary status and general survey. Results: The dietary energy, protein, iron, vitamin E, nicotinic acid intake can meet the needs. , Calcium intake is generally inadequate, with women as the prominent, respectively, less than 67% of RDA and 42%, women of all ages groups zinc, selenium intake, lower than 70% of RDA. 70-year-old group can not meet the demand for vitamin A intake, especially in men, respectively, less than 57% of RDA and 49%. , Women of all ages vitamin B1, B2 intake is less than 61% of RDA. Dietary composition of the survey results: the protein heating ratio reached or exceeded 13% to 15%, high-quality protein accounted for more than 40%, carbohydrate heating less than 54%, fat heating more than 30%. The survey also found that obese (BMI> 25) accounted for 40% of coronary heart disease, accounting for 21% of the survey population, hypertension 15%, diabetes 7%. Tip, the composition of the diet of the elderly in urban areas have undergone significant changes. Increased intake of meat and eggs, and low intake of vegetables, fruits and milk; this imbalanced diet constitutes an extremely detrimental health. Therefore, nutrition education for the elderly should be emphasized and be guided. In addition,?