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目的:了解广州部分社区中老年人群的吸烟和健康状况,探讨吸烟与慢性疾病的关系,为今后的社区卫生服务提供依据。方法:整群随机抽样40岁以上的居民2000人,进行问卷调查。结果:(1)居民总的吸烟率为35.1％,目前吸烟率为22.6％,男性吸烟率为73.4％,女性吸烟率为9.4％;吸烟率在性别、年龄段、文化程度上都存在显著性差异。(2)吸烟者中只有14.4％接受过医务人员的戒烟劝导,而其中只有1/4的人听从劝导戒烟成功。(3)基于医生诊断的社区疾病的前三位的是慢性支气管炎、心脏病、高血压。肺脏和心脏病对工作和日常生活影响最明显。慢性支气管炎、肺气肿、肺结核与吸烟显著相关。结论:吸烟问题仍然很严重,综合控烟措施是慢性病预防的关键,是社区卫生服务的重点,亟待加强。
OBJECTIVE: To understand the smoking and health status of middle-aged and elderly people in some communities in Guangzhou and to explore the relationship between smoking and chronic diseases so as to provide the basis for future community health services. Methods: A total of 2,000 residents over the age of 40 were randomly sampled from the whole population for questionnaire survey. Results: (1) The total smoking rate was 35.1%, the current smoking rate was 22.6%, the male smoking rate was 73.4% and the female smoking rate was 9.4%. The smoking rate was significant in sex, age group and education level difference. (2) Only 14.4% of smokers were counseled by medical staff to quit smoking while only 1/4 of them obeyed the advice of smoking cessation. (3) Chronic bronchitis, heart disease, and hypertension are the top three community-based diseases diagnosed by doctors. Lung and heart disease have the most significant impact on work and daily life. Chronic bronchitis, emphysema, tuberculosis and smoking were significantly related. Conclusion: The problem of smoking is still very serious. Comprehensive tobacco control measures are the key to prevention of chronic diseases and the focus of community health services, which needs to be strengthened urgently.