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二次世界大战后,由于海上运量不断增长,造船技术不断改进以及高效率专用装卸机械的不断出现,促使海船逐步走向大型化、专业化、标准化和高速化的道路。船舶大型化尤以油船为甚。1954年,世界最大船舶是5万吨,而现在则已达56.4万吨。散货船的平均吨位亦在不断增大,仅次于油船而居第二位。件杂货历来是效率低、费用高、装卸困难的货物,但是由于集装箱运轮的发展,各种高效专用船的出现,也已经使其面貌大为改观。水翼船、气垫船、冲翼艇和半
After the Second World War, due to the continuous growth of maritime traffic, the continuous improvement of shipbuilding technology and the continuous emergence of high-efficiency special loading and unloading machinery, sea-going ships are gradually moving towards the road of large-scale, specialization, standardization and speeding. Ships are especially large with oil tankers. In 1954, the world’s largest ship was 50,000 tons, now it has reached 564,000 tons. The average tonnage of bulk carriers is also on the rise, second only to tankers. Groceries have always been inefficient, expensive and difficult to load and unload, but the appearance of various highly efficient special purpose vessels has also greatly improved due to the development of container carriers. Hydrofoil boats, hovercraft, red-wing boats and a half