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说到太空植物,就得先说太空育种。太空育种,也称空间诱变育种,就是将农作物种子或试管种苗送到太空,利用太空特殊的、地面无法模拟的环境(高真空、宇宙高能离子辐射、宇宙磁场……)的诱变作用,使种子产生变异,再返回地面选育新种子,培育新品种的作物的育种新技术。太空育种具有有益的变异多、变幅大、稳定快,以及高产、优质、早熟、抗病力强等特点。其变异率较普通诱变育种高3~4倍,育种周期较杂交育种缩短约1倍,由8年左右缩短至4年左右。
When it comes to space plants, you have to say space breeding first. Space breeding, also known as space mutation breeding, is to bring crop seeds or test tube seedlings into space and make use of the special mutagenesis effects of space environment (high vacuum, cosmic high-energy ion radiation, cosmic magnetic field ...) , So that seeds produce variation, and then return to the ground to select new seeds, cultivate new varieties of crops breeding new technology. Space breeding has many beneficial variations, large amplitude, stable fast, and high yield, high quality, precocious, strong resistance to disease and so on. Its mutation rate is 3 ~ 4 times higher than that of ordinary mutagenesis, its breeding cycle is shortened by about 1 times than that of hybrid breeding, from about 8 years to about 4 years.