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明代中叶,著名文学家宗臣(字子相),在《报刘一丈书》这篇散文中,通过给父执刘一丈(即刘墀石)的书信,极为生动地讽刺了当时上层社会的污浊与丑态。刘一丈与宗臣的父亲交情甚厚,故常致书宗臣,且有所馈赠。尝以“上下相孚,才德称位”等语开导宗臣,引起宗臣的无限感慨。所以在这篇文章中,作者对长者的深情谨表谢意外,专就“上下相孚”一事发抒胸臆,并借助“孚”字,生发开去,引出无数议论。鉴于此,我们不妨把“孚”字看成全文的文眼;在教学过程中,扣住“孚”字,提挈全篇。这样,较易弄清文章的主旨,看出作者构思的精妙。
In the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the famous writer Zong Chen (Zi Zi Xiang) wrote a letter to his father, Liu Yi Zhang (ie, Liu Jieshi), in the essay “The Book of Liu Yizhang,” which vividly satirized the filthy upper class society And ugly state. Liu Zhangzhang and Zong Chen’s father very rich friendship, so often cause book Zong Chen, and some gifts. Taste the “upper and lower phase-Fu, only Germany, said bit” and other words to lead the minions, aroused the unlimited feelings of the minister. Therefore, in this article, I would like to express my gratitude to the elderly for their affection. The author specially expressed his opinion on the issue of “ascertaining the relationship between the upper and the lower phase,” and with the help of the word “Fu”, it germinated and led to numerous debates. In view of this, we may wish to see the word “Fu” as the full text of the article; during the teaching process, the word “Fu” should be used to refer to the entire article. In this way, easier to understand the main thrust of the article, see the author’s idea of exquisite.