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日益多样化的树木引种迫切要求对外来树种的生态、经济和文化等多种价值进行综合评价,而建立科学的评价指标体系则是实现这一目标的关键。本文采用4层结构设计,从外来种的适应性、繁殖扩散、危害、观赏和经济价值等方面确定了综合评价的各项指标,并建立了一个多层次外来树种的生态经济综合评价指标体系,采用专家咨询的方法确定各级评价指标的权重,将综合评价结果划分等级且提出相关管理措施和栽培建议,并对北京市城区及其周边地区引种栽培的14种主要外来树种进行了综合评价与分级。结果表明:绒毛白蜡(Fraxinus velutina)、美国白蜡(Faxinus americana)、刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia)、火炬树(Rhus typhina)等外来树种较适合在城市园林绿化栽培模式和生态林栽培模式中使用;绒毛白蜡(Fraxinus velutina)、欧美杨(Populus×euramericana)、铅笔柏(Juniperus virginiana)、薄壳山核桃(Carya illinoensis)等外来树种更适合在自然保护栽培模式中使用。
The increasingly diversified introduction of trees urgently requires the comprehensive evaluation of the ecological, economic and cultural values of alien species, and establishing a scientific evaluation index system is the key to achieving this goal. In this paper, the four-layer structure design is adopted to determine the indexes of comprehensive evaluation from the aspects of the adaptability of exotic species, propagation, harm, ornamentation and economic value, and a comprehensive index system of ecological and economic evaluation of alien tree species is established. Adopting expert advice to determine the weight of evaluation indicators at all levels, classifying the comprehensive evaluation results and putting forward relevant management measures and cultivation suggestions, and comprehensive evaluation of 14 major alien species introduced and cultivated in Beijing urban area and its surrounding areas Grading. The results showed that exotic trees such as Fraxinus velutina, Faxinus americana, Robinia pseudoacacia and Rhus typhina were more suitable for urban greening and ecological forest cultivation. Fraxinus velutina, Populus × euramericana, Juniperus virginiana, Carya illinoensis and other exotic species are more suitable for use in nature conservation mode.