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视神经脊髓炎谱系疾病（NMOSD）是一类自身免疫介导的，以视神经和脊髓受累为主的中枢神经系统炎性脱髓鞘疾病，具有高复发率和高致残率的特点。目前NMOSD急性期多首选大剂量激素冲击治疗，血浆置换或静脉注射免疫球蛋白可作为其替代治疗。缓解期免疫治疗则包括传统免疫抑制剂和新型免疫药物。其中，单克隆抗体治疗是近年来新兴并快速发展的治疗领域，受到越来越多的关注。文中就单克隆抗体在NMOSD中应用的有效性和安全性作一综述，希望能够为临床诊疗提供一些新的思路。“,”Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, which mainly involves the optic nerve and spinal cord and has high recurrence and high disability rate. At present, corticosteroid pulse therapy is the first choice in the acute phase of NMOSD, and plasma exchange or intravenous injection of immunoglobulin can be used as its remedial alternative therapy. During remission stage of NMOSD, immunosuppressive therapy including traditional immunosuppressants and new drugs are typically instituted to reduce attack frequency and severity. Among them, the monoclonal antibody treatment is developing rapidly in recent years, which attracts more and more attention.This article reviews the application of monoclonal antibodies in NMOSD, hoping to provide some new ideas for clinical diagnosis and treatment.