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生物技术在改良水稻中的可能应用示于表3。虽然过去已经知道各种基本技术,但这些技术在作物改良上的应用还是一个新的研究途径。作为应用于高等植物(如水稻)改良的遗传工程,组织和细胞培养技术的进一步发展是必不可少的。这是因为单个细胞的遗传改变是微生物研究的终点,但这恰恰是高等植物研究的第一步。在高等植物中,细胞必须变异、增殖和再生,才能长成完整的植株。另外,得到改良的特性必须在整株植物中表现出来,并保持至后代。在组织和细胞培养中,有两个问题必须加强研究:①了解值株再生过程中基因型差异的机理,以及克
The possible applications of biotechnology in improving rice are shown in Table 3. Although various basic technologies have been known in the past, the application of these technologies in crop improvement is still a new approach. As a genetic engineering applied to the improvement of higher plants (such as rice), further development of tissue and cell culture techniques is indispensable. This is because the genetic alteration of a single cell is the culmination of a microbial study, but this is precisely the first step in higher plant research. In higher plants, cells must mutate, proliferate and regenerate to grow into complete plants. In addition, the improved traits must be demonstrated throughout the plant and maintained through to future generations. In tissue and cell culture, there are two issues that need to be strengthened: (1) to understand the mechanism of genotypic differences in the regeneration of value strains, and