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衡山的土壤,随着海拔高度的增加,依次分布着成土过程由强到弱的红壤、山地黄壤和山地草甸土。这个规律在粘粒矿物的组成上得到较好的反映。从山脚到山顶高岭石渐减,而三水铝石渐增。埃洛石则普遍存在,但以B,C层为多。风化程度较低的次要矿物如水云母、水黑云母、14(?)过渡矿物和绿泥石等也是衡山的上部较多。从粘粒矿物组成的特点判断,衡山上部不存在山地黄棕壤,而只有山地黄壤和山地草甸土。衡山上部土壤的三水铝石含量很高,以致粘粒的硅铝率甚小。三水铝石可能是斜长石的直接风化产物。由这种方式产生的富铝化现象,在发生学上有别于热带土壤的富铝化作用。
Hengshan soil, with the increase of altitude, followed by the distribution of the soil from strong to weak red soil, mountain yellow soil and mountain meadow soil. This law is better reflected in the composition of clay minerals. From the foothills to the summit of kaolinite diminishing, and gibbsite increased. Halloysite is widespread, but more B, C layer. The less weathered secondary minerals such as hydromica, water biotite, 14 (?) Transitional minerals and chlorite are also the upper part of Hengshan more. Judging from the characteristics of the clay mineral composition, there is no mountainous yellow brown soil in the upper part of Hengshan, but only the mountain yellow soil and the mountain meadow soil. The content of gibbsite in the upper part of Hengshan Mountain is so high that the clay-bound Si-Al content is very small. Gibbsite may be the direct weathering product of plagioclase. The aluminum-rich phenomenon produced in this way is phylogenetically distinct from that of tropical soils.