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膀胱癌的发生、发展与微RNA（ miRNA）的异常表达密切相关，因此miRNA可作为膀胱癌诊治的潜在生物学靶点；近年来膀胱癌相关 miRNA 的作用靶点及分子靶向机制不断被发现，了解miRNA在膀胱癌发生发展中的作用的同时，尿液和血液中膀胱癌相关的 miRNA的研究为膀胱癌的早期诊断奠定基础。 miRNA与膀胱癌的进一步研究将为膀胱癌的早期诊断、基因靶向治疗、预后评估提供新的方向。“,”The incidence and development of bladder cancer is closely associated with the abnormal expression of different microRNA ( miRNA ) , so miRNA can be potential biological targets in the diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer.In recent years,the targets and molecular mechanisms of miRNA associated with bladder cancer have been constantly discovered,which makes us understand miRNA′s role in the inci-dence and development of bladder cancer,while studies of miRNA in urine and blood also provide basis for the early diagnosis of bladder cancer.Further studies of miRNA and bladder cancer will provide new direc-tions for early diagnosis,gene-targeted therapy,and prognosis assessment of bladder cancer.