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目的分析淮北某煤矿不同开始接尘年代、不同工种的接尘工人煤工尘肺(CWP)累计发病率的变化趋势。方法采用判断抽样方法,以1970—2014年在淮北市煤矿开始从事煤矿开采工作的12 152名接尘工人为调查对象,根据开始接尘年代分为1970~和1980~年组,根据接尘工种分为掘进组、采煤组、混合组和辅助组,采用寿命表法计算各组工人CWP累计发病率。结果 12 152名工人中,CWP患者594人,患病率为4.89%。在相同的第34年观察期内,1970~年组工人CWP累计发病率高于1980~年组(8.03%vs 5.45%,P<0.01)。至2014年,掘进组、采煤组、混合组、辅助组工人CWP累计发病率分别为69.33%、40.53%、36.66%和19.70%。掘进组工人CWP累计发病率从第14年时间窗开始升高,采煤组工人从第16年时间窗开始升高,混合组和辅助组工人CWP累计发病率均从第18年时间窗开始升高。1970~年组第34年时间窗,采煤组工人CWP累计发病率最高,为33.83%(P<0.004);混合组工人CWP累计发病率最低,为2.28%(P<0.004)。1970~年组第44年时间窗,掘进组工人CWP累计发病率最高,为66.66%(P<0.004);辅助组工人CWP累计发病率最低,为27.24%(P<0.004)。1980~年组第34年时间窗,掘进组工人CWP累计发病率最高,为29.87%(P<0.004)。结论随着开始接尘年代的推移,接尘工人CWP累计发病率的增长呈减缓趋势;不同开始接尘年代的不同工种接尘工人CWP累计发病率存在差异。
Objective To analyze the trend of the cumulative incidence of CWP in workers exposed to dust in different types of dust in different coal mines in a certain coal mine in Huaibei City. Methods A sample of 12 152 dust-exposed workers who started mining in coal mine in Huaibei City from 1970 to 2014 was selected as the sample by judgment sampling method. According to the age of dust collection in 1970 ~ 1980, Divided into driving group, coal mining group, mixed group and auxiliary group, using the life table method to calculate the cumulative incidence of CWP in each group of workers. Results Among 12 152 workers, there were 594 CWP patients with a prevalence of 4.89%. During the same observation period of the 34th year, the cumulative incidence of CWP in workers from 1970 to 1970 was higher than that in 1980 to 1980 (8.03% vs 5.45%, P <0.01). By 2014, the cumulative CWP incidence rates of the driving group, coal mining group, mixed group and auxiliary group workers were 69.33%, 40.53%, 36.66% and 19.70% respectively. The CWP cumulative incidence of workers in tunneling group increased from the 14th time window and the workers in coal mining group began to increase from the 16th time window. The cumulative incidence of CWP in mixed group and auxiliary group workers rose from the 18th time window high. The CWP cumulative incidence was the highest in the coal mining group (33.83%, P <0.004) in the 34th year window from 1970 to 2004; the cumulative incidence of CWP in the mixed group was the lowest (2.28%, P <0.004). The highest cumulative incidence of CWP was 68.66% (P <0.004) in the tunneling workers in the 44th year window from 1970 to 2004; the cumulative incidence of CWP in the auxiliary workers was the lowest (27.24%, P <0.004). In the 34th year window from 1980 to 1996, CWP of the workers in the driving group was the highest, accounting for 29.87% (P <0.004). Conclusion As the age of dust pick-up begins, the cumulative incidence of CWP of workers exposed to dust shows a slowing down trend. The cumulative incidence of CWP in different types of workers exposed to dust is different from age to age.