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运用3S技术,并采用最大似然法分别对1989年和2010年渭干河-库车河绿洲两期Landsat-TM影像数据进行分类统计,获得了该区域22年来土地利用/土地覆被变化矢量图和定量统计数据,并利用不同时期该流域地表径流和地下水资源开发利用程度、农业种植结构、城市用水、天然植被用水,分析该区域土地类型变化和水资源的关系。研究结果表明:该地区耕地面积逐年增加,22年来增加耕地面积141573.4hm2,平均每年增加6741.59hm2;天然植被草地面积急剧减少,平均每年减少7682.38hm2,城市用水由0.41亿m3增加至4.26亿m3,加之机电井数量骤增导致地下水位下降了2.34m;导致地下水位下降,水质矿化度增高,天然植被大量减少,流域下游生态问题极其脆弱。
Landsat-TM image data of Weigan-Kuche river oasis in 1989 and 2010 were classified by using 3S technology and maximum likelihood method respectively, and the land use / land cover change vectors in the past 22 years Plans and quantitative statistics, and make use of the extent of surface runoff and groundwater resources development and utilization, agricultural planting structure, urban water use and natural vegetation water use in this basin in different periods, and analyze the relationship between land type change and water resources in this area. The results showed that the area of cultivated land increased year by year, increasing the area of cultivated land 141573.4hm2 in 22 years, with an average annual increase of 6741.59hm2. The area of natural vegetation decreased sharply, with an average annual decrease of 7682.38hm2. The urban water consumption increased from 41 million m3 to 426 million m3, Coupled with the surge in the number of electromechanical wells, the groundwater level has dropped by 2.34m. As a result, the groundwater level has dropped and water quality has been increased. Natural vegetation has been greatly reduced, and the ecological problems in the lower reaches of the basin have become extremely fragile.