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为评价海洋溢油应急处置中所使用的消油剂的环境安全性,分别以发光细菌Acinetobacter sp.Rec A和海水青鳉(Oryzias melastigma)幼鱼为受试生物,对6种化学消油剂的遗传毒性进行检测.结果显示,采用发光细菌法仅检测到HLD-501(常规型)在浓度较高(500 mg/L和1 000 mg/L)时表现出一定水平的遗传毒性,其等效应的丝裂霉素C(MMC)浓度分别为0.039 mg/L和0.032 mg/L.在彗星实验中,6种消油剂对海水青鳉幼鱼细胞的DNA损伤率从高到低依次为RS-II(浓缩型)、RS-I(浓缩型)、HLD-501(常规型)、富肯-2(常规型)、RS-I(常规型)和微普(常规型),然而HLD-501(常规型)处理的3级损伤率最高,其遗传毒性最大.综上,采用两种不同营养级的受试生物对6种化学消油剂遗传毒性检测结果的相关度较好;本研究可为消油剂用于处理实际海洋溢油污染的环境安全性评价提供参考.
In order to evaluate the environmental safety of the dispersant used in emergency response to marine oil spills, the phytochemicals of Acinetobacter sp. Rec A and Oryzias melastigma, The results showed that only a modest genotoxicity of HLD-501 (conventional type) was detected by the luminescent bacteria method at higher concentrations (500 mg / L and 1 000 mg / L), and so on (MMC) concentrations of 0.039 mg / L and 0.032 mg / L, respectively.During the comet assay, the DNA damage rates of 6 kinds of dispersants to seawater young barley cells from high to low were RS-I (Concentrated), RS-I (Concentrated), HLD-501 (Normal), Fuken -2 (Normal), RS-I (Normal) and Microplate -501 (conventional type) had the highest level 3 injury rate and the highest genotoxicity.In conclusion, the correlation between the genotoxicity detection results of 6 kinds of chemical dispersants was better with the two different trophic levels of test organisms; The research can provide a reference for the environmental safety evaluation of dispersant used to deal with the actual marine oil spill pollution.