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研究了在丘陵生态区和洞庭湖生态区稻-稻种植制度中钾肥对水稻产量和钾肥效应及钾素平衡的影响。结果表明,在施钾量为0、112.5、150和187.5K2O kg hm-2的条件下,在丘陵生态区红黄泥田上,150K2O kg hm-2的施钾水平已达到较高的产量;洞庭湖生态区的紫潮泥田中缓效钾与速效钾含量均较高,目前施钾效应不明显。两种类型生态区土壤上施用氮肥的增产效果明显地大于施用钾肥。丘陵生态区红黄泥田上的3个施钾处理两季水稻吸收来自肥料钾的百分数比例均高于洞庭湖生态区的紫潮泥田。丘陵生态区红黄泥田上的3个施钾处理早稻钾素利用率平均为35.0%,晚稻为51.8%;洞庭湖生态区紫潮泥的3个施钾处理早稻钾素利用率平均为27.1%,晚稻为42.6%。肥料氮的利用率随钾肥施用量的增加而提高,这一趋势在晚稻上更为明显。在每季水稻施钾量为112.5、150、187.5 K2Okg hm-2的条件下,钾素平衡出现亏缺。在早稻施氮量165N kg hm-2(丘陵生态区),150N kg hm-2(洞庭湖生态区)和晚稻施氮量180N kg hm-2的条件下,两种类型生态区土壤上的氮素平衡中氮均出现盈余,且氮素盈余量随钾肥用量的增加而下降。
The effects of potash fertilizer on the yield and potassium fertilizer effect and potassium balance in the hilly ecological zone and the Dongting Lake ecological zone were studied. The results showed that under the conditions of 0,112.5,150 and 187.5K2O kg hm-2, the K application rate of 150K2O kg hm-2 reached a higher yield in red-yellow paddy fields in hilly ecological zone. Dongting In the lake ecological zone, the content of available potassium and available potassium in purple tidal muddy fields were high, and the effect of applying potassium was not obvious at present. The yield increase effect of applying nitrogenous fertilizer on soil in two types of ecologic area is obviously greater than that of applying potassium fertilizer. The percentage of potassium uptake from the fertilizers in the two red paddy fields in the hilly ecological zone was higher than that in the purple tidal muddy fields in the ecological zone of Dongting Lake. In the hilly ecological zone, the three K application treatments on the red and yellow paddy fields were 35.0% for early rice and 51.8% for late rice. The potassium utilization rate of the three potassium treatments in the Dongting Lake ecological zone averaged 27.1% , Late rice is 42.6%. Fertilizer nitrogen utilization increased with the increase of K application rate, which is more obvious in late rice. Under the conditions that the amount of potassium applied per season was 112.5, 150 and 187.5 K2O kg hm-2, the potassium balance was deficient. Under the condition of 165 N kg hm-2 of nitrogen (hilly ecological zone), 150 N kg hm-2 (Dongting Lake ecological zone) and 180N kg hm-2 of late rice, the nitrogen Nitrogen balance appears in the balance of surplus nitrogen, and nitrogen surplus decreased with the increase of the amount of potash fertilizer.