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目的:调查兰州市青少年屈光状况,分析青少年近视发病的趋势及诱发近视的因素,为有效预防近视提供依据。方法:采用横断面调查设计,抽取兰州市2354名中小学生进行问卷调查,并对其进行眼科检查,如选用室内灯箱式E字标准对数视力表检查双眼视力,使用Topcon公司的电脑验光仪进行验光及裂隙灯检查等。结果:兰州市近视患病率为67.9%,男生近视比例为69.3%,女生近视比例为66.3%,城市学生近视比例70.1%,农村学生近视比例61.4%,学生年级越高,近视程度越严重。近视的影响因素也随生活习惯的改变而改变,身高、体重、每天课余学习时间增加、假期中每天玩电脑时间的增加及每天睡眠时间的减少可致近视患病率增加,每日户外活动时间增加可减少近视的患病率。结论:兰州市青少年的近视患病率高发,应引起学校和家长的高度重视,及早采取必要措施进行积极预防,培养学生健康的用眼习惯,提高学生保护视力的意识。
Objective: To investigate the refractive status of adolescents in Lanzhou, analyze the trend of juvenile myopia and the factors that induce myopia, provide the basis for the effective prevention of myopia. Methods: A cross-sectional survey design was used to survey 2354 primary and secondary school students in Lanzhou City for eye examination and ophthalmology examinations. For example, binocular visual acuity was checked with the logarithmic eye chart of an E-shaped light box, and Topcon computer refractor Optometry and slit lamp inspection. Results: The prevalence of myopia was 67.9% in Lanzhou, 69.3% in boys, 66.3% in girls, 70.1% in urban students, and 61.4% in rural students. The higher the grade, the more severe myopia. The factors of myopia also change with changes in lifestyle habits, height, weight, extra time to study each day increased holiday play every day to play computer time and daily sleep time reduction can cause increased prevalence of myopia, daily outdoor activities time Increase can reduce the prevalence of myopia. Conclusion: The prevalence of myopia in adolescents in Lanzhou City should be paid great attention by schools and parents. Early preventive measures should be taken as soon as possible to develop students ’healthy habits of using eyes and to enhance students’ awareness of protecting eyesight.