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一组四篇谈企业兼并的稿件,每篇篇幅都不长,从不同角度阐述了当前企业兼并工作中的问题和解决的办法。愿它们能对推进企业兼并和组织企业集团而有所助益。企业兼并1983年开始在各地兴起。这种建立在优胜劣汰基础上展开的企业结构、经济结构的调整,有一个突出的优点,即把劣势企业并入优势企业不用增加投资就能发挥出新的效益来,也可以说是在不增加社会总需求的条件下增加社会总供给,这正适合治理整顿的需要,而且也有利于解决经济中的一些难题:如占国营企业20%的6000多家亏损企业由国家财政的包袱转为国家增利;全国1/3企业中的闲置或半闲置资本的复活;一批效益低的小企业向专业化大生产转移等等。这些问题依靠行政手段进行关停并转,难免“强扭的瓜不甜”,不如建立在自愿互利基础上的兼并、联营效果好。另外,亏损劣势企业走被兼并的路子,也比走破产的路子引起的波动小,对职工的切身利益更有保障,从而也有利于社会的安定。兼并越来越受到各方面的重视。目前兼并已由一对一的单一兼并,向一对几的复合兼并发展。在兼并方式上多数采用有偿转让产权的形式,也有企业间资产无偿划转的。在兼并的范围上.已由本地区、本行业的企业间兼并,向跨地区跨行业兼并方向发展。在兼并目的上已由单纯为了消灭亏损企业向自觉优化经济结构方向发展。当然工作中也遇到了不少问题,这正是进一步开展兼并所要解决的重点,希望关心这方面工作的读者和本刊编辑部共同探讨。
A set of four manuscripts on corporate mergers, each length is not long, from the different perspectives of the current enterprise mergers in the work of the problems and solutions. I hope they can help promote mergers and acquisitions and organize corporate groups. Mergers and acquisitions began in 1983. This kind of establishment of an enterprise structure and economic structure adjusted on the basis of survival of the fittest has a prominent advantage. That is, the incorporation of disadvantaged enterprises into competitive enterprises can bring new benefits without increasing investment, and it can be said that it will not increase. Increase the total social supply under the conditions of total social demand, which is suitable for the needs of governance and rectification, but also help solve some problems in the economy: For example, more than 6,000 loss-making enterprises that account for 20% of the state-owned enterprises will be transformed from state financial burdens to national ones. Increased profits; revival of idle or semi-occupied capital in 1/3 of the country’s enterprises; transfer of a group of small enterprises with low returns to specialized production, etc. These problems rely on administrative measures to shut down and switch, it is inevitable that “a strong twist is not sweet,” it is better to build on the basis of voluntary mutual benefit, mergers and acquisitions are effective. In addition, the way in which a loss-making disadvantaged company goes to be merged is less volatile than that caused by a bankruptcy, and it is more secure for the immediate interests of employees, which is also conducive to social stability. M&A is increasingly valued by all parties. At present, mergers have evolved from one-on-one single mergers to one-on-one compound mergers. Most of the mergers and acquisitions take the form of paid transfer of property rights, and there are also free transfer of assets between enterprises. In the scope of mergers and acquisitions, it has been developed from the merger of companies in the region and the industry to cross-regional mergers and acquisitions. In terms of mergers and acquisitions, it has been developed solely for the purpose of eliminating loss-making enterprises and consciously optimizing the economic structure. Of course, many problems have also been encountered in the work. This is the key point for further mergers and acquisitions. It is hoped that readers who are concerned about this work will discuss it with the editorial department of this publication.