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2008年7月份的WTO多哈谈判再次以失败而告终,各成员国终究没有在农产品贸易政策上达成一致,这不得不说是一件令人感到遗憾甚至失望的事,因此越来越多的人开始接受“多哈谈判已经死亡”的说法。多哈谈判的焦点在于农产品关税削减和出口补贴,而特殊和差别待遇(SDT)长期以来一直是多边贸易体系的一个重要特征。该文作者长期研究社会性别与农产品贸易等问题,她认为,在WTO农业谈判中应将社会性别纳入到特殊产品的界定中来,因为在贫困国家和地区的女性人口数量占农业总劳动人口的一半以上,而且这部分人的能力和生活状态长期没有得到足够的重视。在发展中国家的大多数农村地区,女性工作的共同特点是:能力被低估、没有相应的经济回报、肩负家庭和社会稳定双重责任、对宏观经济发展做出了贡献。很多农村妇女的工作量很大,既肩负着农业耕作的重任,又要教育子女、照顾老人小孩。在很多国家,妇女控制和使用土地要由与男性的关系决定,如结婚、离婚或寡居等,这对她们的社会保障也产生了很大的影响。在我国,有一半以上的农业人口是女性,她们为整个社会的发展与稳定做出了巨大的贡献,但她们的生活状态却令人担忧。我们想通过马里亚·皮尔·赫兰德兹的这篇文章引起社会对这一庞大弱势群体的关注与关爱,也为参加多哈回合谈判的有关人士提供一些思考性的建议。
July 2008 WTO Doha negotiations once again ended in failure, the member countries after all did not agree on agricultural trade policies, it must say that it is a matter of regret or even disappointment, so more and more people Begin to accept that “the Doha negotiations have died”. The Doha negotiations have focused on tariff reductions and export subsidies for agricultural products, while special and differential treatment (SDT) has long been an important feature of the multilateral trading system. The author of the paper has long studied issues such as gender and trade in agricultural products. She believes that gender should be included in the definition of special products in the WTO agricultural negotiations, since the female population in poor countries and regions accounts for the total agricultural labor force More than half, and this part of the people’s ability and living conditions have not been given enough attention. In most rural areas in developing countries, the common feature of women’s work is their ability to be undervalued, their corresponding economic repercussions, their dual responsibilities of family and social stability, and contribution to the development of the macroeconomy. Many rural women have heavy workloads, shouldering the heavy responsibility of agricultural farming, and educating their children and caring for the elderly and children. In many countries, women’s control and use of land should be determined by the relationship with men, such as marriage, divorce or widowhood, which also have a significant impact on their social security. In our country, more than half of the agricultural population is women. They have made tremendous contributions to the development and stability of the entire society. However, their living conditions are worrying. We would like to use this article by Maria Peir Helandez to arouse the concern and love of the community towards this hugely vulnerable group and to provide some thoughtful advice to those involved in the Doha Round negotiations.