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[目的]了解铝职业暴露人群的慢性认知功能损伤状况及其影响因素。[方法]采用MMSE问卷调查204例铝职业暴露人群的一般情况及慢性认知功能损伤状况,同时用石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法检测血清铝含量。[结果]经统计学分析发现,204名研究对象中有24名出现慢性认知功能缺损,两组间MMSE得分差异有统计学意义(t=12.717,P﹤0.05)。其两组间MMSE分项指标如时间定向、地点定向、语言即刻记忆、注意和计算、短程记忆、语言复述和语言表达等,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05,t’=3.332,4.131,2.387,6.785,3.938,2.874和2.395)。铝职业接触人群的慢性认知功能损伤与其年龄、接害工龄、教育程度、痴呆家族史、头部创伤史、甲状腺病史、精神病病史等因素无关(P﹥0.05);经非参数检验分析后发现,两组之间血清铝浓度差异无统计学意义,但P值接近0.05(MWU=111.50,P=0.646)。但以60μg/L为界将测定血清铝组分为两组,发现慢性认知功能缺损与不同血清铝浓度组之间分布差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.190,P﹤0.05)。[结论]铝职业性接触在一定程度上可影响认知功能,应控制职业场所中铝浓度,加强对铝职业接触人群健康体检以保护职业接触人群的健康。
[Objective] To understand the chronic cognitive impairment and its influencing factors in exposed occupational groups. [Methods] The MMSE questionnaire was used to investigate the general situation of chronic occupational exposure to aluminum and the impairment of chronic cognitive function. At the same time, the content of aluminum in serum was detected by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry. [Results] The results of statistical analysis showed that 24 of 204 subjects had chronic cognitive deficits, and the difference of MMSE scores between the two groups was statistically significant (t = 12.717, P <0.05). MMSE sub-indicators such as time-oriented, location-oriented, immediate language memory, attention and calculation, short-range memory, verbal repetition and language expression, the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05, t ’= 3.332,4.131 , 2.387, 6.785, 3.938, 2.874 and 2.395). Chronic cognitive impairment in occupational exposure to aluminum was not associated with age, age at injury, educational level, family history of dementia, history of head trauma, history of thyroid disease, history of psychiatric illness, and other factors (P> 0.05) There was no significant difference in serum aluminum concentrations between the two groups, but the P value was close to 0.05 (MWU = 111.50, P = 0.646). However, the determination of serum aluminum component by 60μg / L as the boundary between the two groups found that there was a significant difference in the distribution of chronic cognitive deficiencies and different serum aluminum concentrations (χ2 = 7.190, P <0.05). [Conclusion] Occupational exposure to aluminum can affect cognitive function to a certain extent. The concentration of aluminum in the workplace should be controlled and the health examination of exposed workers in aluminum should be strengthened to protect the health of occupationally exposed people.