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目的了解西林县结核病控制项目启动后肺结核病流行规律及控制效果。方法对西林县2005—2009年肺结核病疫情资料进行描述性流行病学分析。结果 2005—2009年共报告肺结核病例1 116例,年均报告发病率为156.68/10万(1 116/712 302),各年间报告发病率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);全县8个乡(镇)均有病例报告,其中那劳乡的发病率最高,为249.56/10万,各乡(镇)报告发病率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。男性761例,女性355例,男女性别比为2.14∶1;发病年龄以20～49岁青壮年为主(632例,占56.63%),职业以农民为主(873例,占78.23%)。病人总体到位率为69.71%(778/1 116)、就诊率为2.22‰(1 579/712 302)、查痰率为86.83%(1 371/1 579)、涂阳率为21.30%(292/1 371)、涂阳登记率为40.99/10万(292/712 302),涂阳患者督导短程化疗率为97.60%(285/292)、治愈率为88.07%(251/285)。结论西林县传染性肺结核病流行较为严重,报告发病率有年度、地区性差异,病人就诊率、到位率、涂阳率较低。应加强结核病归口管理,同时加强实验室能力建设,提高病人的发现率和治愈率。
Objective To understand the prevalence and control effects of tuberculosis after the initiation of TB control project in Xilin County. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis of pulmonary tuberculosis outbreak in Xilin County from 2005 to 2009 was conducted. Results A total of 116 cases of tuberculosis cases were reported in 2005-2009, with an average annual incidence rate of 156.68 / 100 000 (1116/712 302). There was a significant difference in the reported incidence among all the years (P <0.01) Each township (township) has a case report, of which the highest incidence of labor that was 249.56 / 100 000, township (town) reported a statistically significant difference (P <0.01). There were 761 males and 355 females, with a sex ratio of 2.14:1. The age of onset was mainly young and middle aged (20 to 49 years old) (632 cases, accounting for 56.63%). The main occupation was farmer (873 cases, accounting for 78.23%). The overall rate of patients was 69.71% (778/1 116), the visiting rate was 2.22 ‰ (1 579/712 302), the sputum sampling rate was 86.83% (1 371/1 579) and the smear positive rate was 21.30% (292 / 1 371). The registration rate of smear positive was 40.99 / 100000 (292/712 302). The smear positive rate of short-course chemotherapy was 97.60% (285/292) and the cure rate was 88.07% (251/285). Conclusions The prevalence of infectious tuberculosis in Xilin County is more serious. The reported incidence rates are annual and regional differences, and the visiting rate, in-place rate and smear-positive rate of patients are lower. Tuberculosis focal management should be strengthened, while laboratory capacity-building should be strengthened to increase the patient’s detection rate and cure rate.