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本文以大庆油田为例,从应力场的角度指出,高压注水不仅引起有效应力的降低,导致断层复活;也会引起水平应力增大,使断层趋于稳定。现场的绝对应力测量表明,大庆油田原受正断层控制的应力场,最大主应力已改为水平向。近一年来,深1000米的地层张开压力已增大了3MPa。现已出现注采井套管变形与损坏减少的迹象。表明断层稳定性开始有所恢复。油田注水与水库地震的发展趋势有类似之处,从稳定到不稳定甚至加剧,然后再逐渐恢复稳定状态,这是一个相当长的过程,以十年为单位。为了油田的高产与稳产,采取适应客观规律的办法,是可以减少损失的。
Taking Daqing Oilfield as an example, from the perspective of stress field, it is pointed out that high pressure water injection not only causes the decrease of effective stress, resulting in the revival of the fault, but also causes the horizontal stress to increase and the fault to stabilize. The measurement of absolute stress in the field shows that the maximum principal stress has been changed to horizontal in the stress field controlled by the normal fault in Daqing Oilfield. In the past year, the formation pressure of 1,000 meters deep has been increased by 3MPa. Now there are signs of casing deformation and damage reduction. Show that the fault stability began to recover. Oilfield waterflooding has similarities with the development trend of reservoir earthquakes, ranging from stabilization to instability or even aggravating, and then gradually returning to a steady state. This is a fairly long process in ten years. In order to produce high yield and stable production in oilfields, it is possible to reduce losses by adopting measures to adapt to objective laws.