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目的探讨尘肺病患者肺功能损伤特点及其影响因素。方法对2005年1月1日—2012年12月31日收集到的925例三明市既往确诊尘肺病病例登记卡所记录的尘肺病患者肺通气功能指标数据进行统计,并对统计结果进行分析。结果对925例尘肺患者肺通气功能指标进行分析,随着尘肺期别的升高,除FEV1.0/FVC%无明显变化外,其余肺通气功能指标均随着尘肺期别的升高逐渐降低,肺功能损伤程度逐渐增大;各期尘肺病患者肺通气功能障碍类型以混合型为主(39.5%),其次为阻塞型(10.3%),单纯限制型较少(5.0%);Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期尘肺患者功能损伤的检出率分别为51.4%、59.0%和88.9%,吸烟组重度损伤的检出率为5.1%,非病吸烟组为1.8%。结论尘肺病可引起患者肺功能损伤,损伤以混合型通气功能障碍为主,同一期别尘肺病患者接尘工龄越长,肺功能损伤越大,并随着病程的进展和年龄的增长损害加重,吸烟组肺功能损伤的检出率和损伤程度高于非吸烟组;高年龄组患者的肺功能异常检出比例及其损伤程度高于低年龄组;不同接尘工龄患者随着接尘工龄的增加,尘肺病患者肺功能异常的检出比例及其损伤程度也随之增大。吸烟对尘肺病患者的肺功能损害有协同作用。
Objective To investigate the characteristics of pneumoconiosis and its influencing factors in patients with pneumoconiosis. Methods The data of pneumoconiosis parameters of pneumoconiosis recorded in 925 cases of past diagnosis of pneumoconiosis collected from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2012 were collected, and the statistical results were analyzed. Results The ventilatory function of 925 cases of pneumoconiosis patients were analyzed. With the increase of pneumoconiosis stage, except the FEV1.0 / FVC%, there was no significant change (39.5%), followed by obstructive (10.3%) and less restrictive (5.0%), respectively. The incidence of pulmonary dysfunction was significantly higher in patients with pneumoconiosis The detection rates of functional injury in patients with stage II and stage III pneumoconiosis were 51.4%, 59.0% and 88.9% respectively, while those in smoking group were 5.1% and those in non-smoking group were 1.8%. Conclusions Pneumoconiosis can cause pulmonary dysfunction in patients with mixed ventilatory dysfunction. In the same period, the longer the service life of the patients with pneumoconiosis, the greater the impairment of lung function, and the worsened the impairment with the progression of disease and age , Smoking group lung function damage detection rate and degree of injury than non-smoking group; high age group of patients with pulmonary dysfunction detection rate and its damage degree is higher than the low age group; Increase in the proportion of patients with pneumoconiosis and pneumoconiosis detected the extent of injury also increased. Smoking has a synergistic effect on pulmonary function impairment in patients with pneumoconiosis.