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目前,航运界对集装箱船大型化的发展趋势,似乎没有什么歧议。但对集装箱船大到什么程度——载箱量的最大边界,存在不同看法。在设定的前提和给定的数据条件下,本文按每箱总航运成本最低的目标函数论证结果,表明集装箱船(单机)的规模经济边界即最佳规模接近于8000TEU。本刊前曾报道过,国外提出建造1.5万TEU集装箱船(双机)的设想,最近国外又有人论证,集装箱船(双机)的最大经济规模为18154TEU。另据一份国外未发表的权威资料,按每收费箱的最低运费率指标计算,东南亚/美东航线的最佳船型为6041TEU。虽然上述数据都是集装箱船(单机和双机)的最佳规模的载箱量,但数据相差很大。这种情况表明,由于论证条件、数据和目标函数的不同,得出的结论也不同。但需要指出,上述论证都是从船舶营运角度出发的。如果从物流系统单位费用最低角度论证,可能又是另一种结果。船舶的最佳规模涉及到港口和航道的最佳规模。所以,这是港、航发展中一个带有战略性的问题,值得进一步探讨与深入研究。
At present, there seems to be no disagreement on the development trend of large-scale container ships in the shipping industry. However, there are different views on the extent to which container ships are large-the maximum bounds for carrying capacity. According to the hypothesis of objective hypothesis and the given data, the objective function of the lowest total cost of shipping per box is used to demonstrate that the optimal scale of the scale economy of a container ship (single machine) is close to 8000 TEU. This article had previously reported that foreign countries put forward the idea of building a 15,000 TEU container ship (double machine). Recently, some people have argued that the maximum economic scale of a container ship (double machine) is 18,154 TEU. According to a non-published authoritative information, according to the lowest freight rate indicator per box, Southeast Asia / the United States east route of the best ship 6041TEU. Although the above figures are for the optimal size of container ships (single and double), the data vary greatly. This situation shows that due to the different conditions of argument, data and objective function, the conclusions drawn are different. However, it should be pointed out that the above arguments are based on the operation of the ship. If the logistics system from the lowest unit cost argument, may be another result. The optimal size of the ship relates to the best size of the port and waterway. Therefore, this is a strategic issue in the development of Hong Kong and Air Navigation and deserves further exploration and further study.