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背景:中国目前约有智力低下者2000万,且每年约有20万智力低下新生儿出生。导致儿童智力低下为多种因素作用结果。目的:探讨智力低下的常见病因,为有效预防智力低下提供科学依据。设计:观察性研究,以患儿为研究对象的病例分析。单位:一所医院的人口与计划生育学院。对象:1998-01/20001-12泰安市辖六个县市区经计划生育医学鉴定的病残儿1336例。纳入标准:智商均低于55,符合病残儿条件,年龄大于4周岁。父母要求生二胎的智力低下患儿。排除标准:其他系统疾病的病残儿。符和上述标准的613例病残儿,年龄为4～14周岁。其中男509例,女104例,男女比例为4.9∶1。干预:所有智力低下患儿均由专职儿科临床医师及市级计划生育医学鉴定组专家先后进行检查,并按中国修订韦氏儿童智力量表(C-WISC)进行智商测验。在进行资料分析时自制了统一调查表,所得全部数据均经SPSS10.0统计软件包处理。主要观察指标:导致儿童智力低下的主要因素结果:泰安市1336例病残儿中,智力低下的发生率为45.88%。613例智力低下患儿中轻型112例,重型501例。在病因分类中产前、产时、产后因素分别占其构成比的36.7%、29.85%和13.21%,有20.23%原因不明。结论:加强孕期保健,提高产科质量,积极防治后天获得性疾病,重视小儿的早期教育是预防智力低下的?
Background: At present, about 20 million people with mental retardation are present in China, and about 200,000 mental retardation newborns are born each year. The resulting mental retardation in children is the result of many factors. Objective: To explore the common causes of mental retardation and provide a scientific basis for effective prevention of mental retardation. Design: Observational study, patient analysis of the case study. Unit: a hospital population and family planning college. PARTICIPANTS: 1336 cases of disabled children identified by family planning medicine in six counties and districts of Tai’an City from January 1998 to December 2000. Inclusion criteria: IQ are lower than 55, in line with the disabled conditions, more than 4 years of age. Parents require a second child with mental retardation. Exclusion criteria: disabled children with other systemic diseases. Character and the above standard 613 disabled children, aged 4 to 14 years of age. Including 509 males and 104 females, male to female ratio of 4.9: 1. Intervention: All children with mental retardation were examined by full-time pediatric clinicians and municipal experts in family planning medical examination, and IQ tests were conducted according to China’s revised Webster’s Child Intelligence Scale (C-WISC). In the data analysis made a unified questionnaire, all the data obtained by SPSS10.0 statistical package processing. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The main factors leading to mental retardation in children Results: Among 1336 disabled children in Tai’an City, the prevalence of mental retardation was 45.88%. Among 613 children with mental retardation, 112 were mild and 501 were heavy. In the etiological classification, 36.7%, 29.85% and 13.21% of prenatal, postnatal and postpartum factors accounted for respectively, and 20.23% of them were unknown. Conclusion: To strengthen the health care during pregnancy to improve the quality of obstetrics and actively prevent acquired acquired diseases, emphasis on early childhood education is to prevent mental retardation?