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采用扫描电镜和Ｘ射线能谱分析仪对太原市和纽约市两地汽车排出颗粒物的表面１５种元素含量和形态特征进行观察比较。结果显示，两市汽车排放的颗粒物其表面所含主要元素不同，太原市含Ｐｂ高，平均占２２．５％，而纽约市则以Ｆｅ和Ｓｉ元素为主，二者约占４５％。太原市排放的颗粒物粒径大于纽约市；≤２μｍ的粒子，太原市占６２％，纽约市占７６％。两市颗粒物形态基本相似，多数颗粒物表面粗糙、多孔，形态不规则。
Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray energy spectrum analyzer were used to observe and compare the content of 15 elements on the surface of particulate matter in vehicles in Taiyuan City and New York City. The results show that the particulate matter emitted by vehicles in the two cities has different major elements on its surface. Taiyuan contains a high level of Pb, accounting for an average of 22.5%, while New York City is dominated by Fe and Si, accounting for about 45% of the total. Taiyuan City, the emission particle size greater than New York City; particles ≤ 2μm, accounting for 62% of Taiyuan, New York City accounted for 76%. The morphology of the two cities is basically similar, most of the particles are rough, porous and irregular in shape.