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关于评价职业性接触苯的指标,迄今国内外已有大量报道。一般认为白细胞下降、血小板降低是苯中毒最早和最常见的征象;空气中苯系物浓度测定结果,虽是重要指标,但往往不能反映作业环境的全貌及其与个体遭受危害之间的关系;血液学指标缺乏特异性,且出现阳性结果时,苯对人体的毒作用业已产生,难以达到预防为主的目的。因此,寻找更理想的评价苯接触的指标成为职业病防治工作者共同努力的一个目标。近几年来,我们在苯作业卫生学调查的基础上,于1977～1978年又对苯接触工人测定白细胞的组织化学——中性粒细胞硷性磷酸酶(N-ALP)作为苯接触评价指标的初步探讨;现结合有关文献,着重讨论职业性接触苯的一些评价指标,为今后职防工作提供参考。
On the evaluation of indicators of occupational exposure to benzene, so far there have been a large number of reports at home and abroad. It is generally believed that leukopenia and thrombocytopenia are the earliest and most common signs of benzene poisoning. Although the determination results of benzene series in air are important indicators, they often can not reflect the whole picture of the working environment and the relationship between them and the individual’s harm. Hematology indicators of the lack of specificity, and positive results, the toxic effects of benzene have been produced on the human body, it is difficult to achieve the purpose of prevention. Therefore, looking for a more ideal indicator of benzene exposure has become a goal of joint efforts of occupational disease prevention and control workers. In recent years, on the basis of a survey of benzene hygiene, we also conducted a benzene exposure evaluation index of benzene-exposed neutrophil alkaline phosphatase (N-ALP), which is a measure of leukocyte activity measured by benzene exposed workers from 1977 to 1978 Of the initial discussion; now combined with the relevant literature, focusing on discussing some of the evaluation indicators of occupational exposure to benzene, to provide reference for future job defenses.