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一、关于建筑工业化方面的几个概念 (一)建筑工业化随着时代的发展,建筑业对整个国民经济起着重要的作用,房屋建筑的投资一般占基本建设投资的30～50％左右,占国民生产总值的10％左右。但建筑业与其他工业相比还比较落后,生产效率低,周期长,质量不稳定。造成这种情况的原因,主要是建筑业的产品有其特殊性,还存在着大量手工劳动,而其他经济部门也未能为它提供足够的材料制品,机械设备和运输等服务设施。建筑业的产品特点是:式样多、未定型;地点固定、施工流动;体积庞大、材料零碎;费用大,旷时久。因此,要改变建筑业的落后面貌,就有必要将其不利因素转化为有利因素,采取类似现代化工业大生产的方式来建造房屋,即是实现建筑工业化。
I. Several Concepts Concerning the Industrialization of Construction (I) Industrialization of Construction With the development of the times, the construction industry plays an important role in the entire national economy. The investment in housing construction generally accounts for about 30 to 50% of the capital construction investment, accounting for About 10% of GDP. However, compared with other industries, the construction industry is still relatively backward, with low production efficiency, long cycle, and unstable quality. The reason for this situation is mainly because the products of the construction industry have their own particularities and there is still a lot of manual labor, and other economic sectors have not been able to provide it with adequate material products, machinery and equipment and transportation and other service facilities. The product features of the construction industry are: multiple styles and unfinished types; fixed locations, construction flows; bulky, fragmented materials; high cost, long time. Therefore, to change the backwardness of the construction industry, it is necessary to turn its unfavorable factors into favorable factors, and adopt a similar approach to modern industrial production to build houses, that is, to achieve industrialization of buildings.