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目的:调查分析2014年1月—2016年12月住院患儿麻疹流行病学及临床特征。方法:对我科所住院的麻疹病例进行流行病学特征调查及临床分析。结果:2014年1月—2016年12月我科收住麻疹患儿939例,其中死亡7例。(2~5)月份为青海地区发病高峰季节,发病以西宁市区比例较高,其次为湟中县、大通县。年龄以8个月以下患儿多见,随年龄增大发病逐渐减少。所有病例中,未接种麻疹疫苗者805例(85.7%),病情危重者450例(47.92%),多有肺炎、心衰、呼衰,部分患儿出现惊厥、休克、纵隔气肿或皮下气肿等严重并发症;其中25例(2.7%)治疗中予以呼吸机辅助。结论:近年青海地区麻疹发病情况有逐年上升趋势,8个月以下婴儿发病率最高,危重病例增加;发病与是否接种麻疹疫苗明显相关。
Objective: To investigate the epidemiological and clinical features of measles in hospitalized children from January 2014 to December 2016. Methods: The epidemiological investigation and clinical analysis of measles cases in our department were conducted. Results: From January 2014 to December 2016, 939 children with measles were admitted to our department, including 7 deaths. (2 ~ 5) month is the peak season of onset in Qinghai, the incidence of Xining urban area is higher, followed by Huangzhong County, Datong County. More than eight months of age children more common, with the onset of age gradually reduced. In all cases, 805 (85.7%) were unvaccinated and 450 (47.92%) were critically ill, with pneumonia, heart failure, respiratory failure, convulsions, shock, mediastinal emphysema or subcutaneous gas Swelling and other serious complications; of which 25 cases (2.7%) were ventilator-assisted treatment. Conclusion: In recent years, the incidence of measles in Qinghai Province has been increasing year by year. The incidence of infants under 8 months is the highest and the cases of critical illness are increasing. The incidence of measles is obviously related to whether or not measles is vaccinated.