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目的 探讨室内环境因素对儿童与青少年呼吸道症状的影响.方法 采用横断面研究方法,于2007年对上海城区16所中小学和幼儿园的4～17岁6551名儿童青少年的呼吸道症状的发生情况、家庭及教室环境因素进行调查,同时调查社会经济状况和遗传等潜在混杂因素.分析室内环境危险因素对儿童与青少年呼吸道症状的影响.结果 调整了潜在混杂因素后,父、母室内吸烟、居室附近50m之内车辆繁忙的街道是持续咳嗽、喘息和喘息样症状的危险因素;父室内吸烟是咳痰的危险因素;室内霉斑、2年内居室装修是持续咳嗽、喘息的危险因素;饲养皮毛动物、1年内购置新家俱、室内潮湿是咳嗽、咳痰的危险因素;常使用空气清洁化学品、每天使用燃气炉大于45min可能分别对咳痰和喘息有影响.结论 父母室内吸烟是增加4～17岁儿童青少年呼吸道症状风险重要危险因素.饲养宠物、室内霉斑、新近装修和购置新家俱、室内长时间使用燃气炉可能增加呼吸道症状的风险.“,”Objective To explore the effects of indoor environmental factors on the respiratory symptoms in children aged 4-17 years. Methods A cross-sectional survey of indoor environmental factors related respiratory symptoms in 6 551 children and teenagers aged 4-17 years was conducted throughout urban area of Shanghai in 2007. The information was obtained on certain aspects of the family socioeconomic status (SES) and other confounding factors, and the associations between indoor environmental factors and respiratory symptoms were analyzed. Results After controlling confounders, parent smoking, the house or the classroom nearby roads (< 50m) were risk factors for persistent cough, wheeze and wheeze symptom; Father smoking were a risk factor of persistent expectoration; Indoor visible fungus, household decoration in 2 years were risk factors for persistent cough, wheeze; Fur pets, new furniture of 1 year, indoor wet were the risk factors for persistent cough and persistent expectoration; Using air-cleaning chemicals often, using fuel gas for cooking for more than 45 min per day may affect persistent expectoration and wheeze respectively. Conclusion Parent smoking is an important cause of respiratory symptoms in the investigated children. Fur pets, indoor visible fungus, new furniture and using fuel gas for cooking for longer time may increase the risk of respiratory symptoms.