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目的探讨湖南省农村改厕对控制肠道传染病和寄生虫感染的效果。方法于2003年11月-2004年5月分别选择湖南6个县24个村,其中包括改厕村和未改厕村。检测户厕内的粪液的粪大肠菌值、寄生虫虫卵沉降率,并进行问卷和回顾性调查,对改厕村和未改厕村的肠道传染病、感染性腹泻的发病和人体寄生虫感染情况进行统计比较。结果双瓮漏斗式、三格式和沼气化粪池3种类型处理设施处理的粪液,其粪大肠菌值达标率分别为95.0%,93.5%和91.7%,寄生虫卵沉降率分别为90.0%,90.3%和87.5%,改厕村和未改厕村的寄生虫卵总阳性率为6.58%,17.01%,差异有统计学意义,改厕村的人体寄生虫总感染率、肠道传染病和感染性腹泻的发病率分别比未改厕村下降了67.0%,58.3%,56.3%。结论改厕后的粪便无害化对肠道传染病、感染性腹泻和寄生虫感染均有不同程度的防病效果。
Objective To explore the effect of lavatories on controlling intestinal infectious diseases and parasitic infections in rural areas of Hunan Province. Methods From November 2003 to May 2004, 24 villages in 6 counties of Hunan Province were selected, including lavatories and lavatories. Detection of fecal colibacillosis in parasols, parasite egg deposition rate, and questionnaires and retrospective investigation of the latrine and non-lavat intestinal infectious diseases, the incidence of infectious diarrhea and the human body Parasitic infections were compared statistically. Results The rates of fecal coliform bacteria were 95.0%, 93.5% and 91.7%, respectively. The sedimentation rates of parasite eggs were 90.0% , 90.3% and 87.5% respectively. The total positive rates of parasite eggs in lavatories and non-lavatories were 6.58% and 17.01%, respectively. The difference was statistically significant. The total infection rate of parasites in lavatories, intestinal infectious diseases And infectious diarrhea, respectively, than the incidence of unwashed toilets decreased by 67.0%, 58.3%, 56.3%. Conclusions The detoxification of post-lavage excrement has different preventive effects on intestinal infectious diseases, infectious diarrhea and parasitic infections.