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取代脲类除草剂主要用来防除一年生禾本科杂草和阔叶杂草,自20世纪中期推入市场以来,在世界范围内被广泛使用,已成为重要的除草剂之一。随着取代脲类除草剂的持续施用,其在环境中的残留严重超标,危害日益凸显。因此,取代脲类除草剂在环境中的吸附、迁移和降解等行为备受关注。研究表明细菌降解N,N-二甲基取代脲类除草剂主要是通过连续脱甲基作用后断脲桥降解,而降解N-甲氧基-N-甲基取代脲类除草剂是通过脲桥的直接断裂。真菌降解取代脲类除草剂的途径则较为复杂,尚需进一步阐明。本文综述了近年来分离筛选的取代脲类除草剂降解菌株及其降解途径的最新研究进展,为取代脲类除草剂污染环境的生物修复研究提供参考。
Substituted urea herbicides are mainly used to control annual grass weeds and broadleaf weeds, which have been widely used worldwide since their introduction into the market in the mid-20th century and have become one of the important herbicides. With the continued application of urea-substituted herbicides, their residues in the environment are seriously exceeded and their hazards are becoming increasingly prominent. Therefore, the substitution of urea herbicides in the environment of adsorption, migration and degradation behavior. Studies have shown that bacterial degradation of N, N-dimethyl substituted urea herbicides mainly through continuous demethylation of broken urea bridge degradation, and degradation of N-methoxy-N- methyl substituted urea herbicides by urea The bridge is broken directly. The pathways by which fungi degrade and displace urea herbicides are complicated and need to be further elucidated. This review summarizes the recent progress in research on biodegradation of substituted urea herbicides and their degradation pathways in recent years, and provides a reference for the research on bioremediation of urea-substituted herbicide-contaminated environment.