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利用生命周期评价方法,对化肥和有机肥进行生命周期资源消耗与污染物排放清单分析,在此基础上进行了生命周期对比评价。结果表明,化肥的环境影响主要是施肥过程中NH3挥发引起的环境酸化,其次是能源耗竭、全球变暖;有机肥的环境影响主要集中在堆肥过程中引起的环境酸化,其次是全球变暖、富营养化。综合比较,在整个生命周期内,有机肥的资源耗竭、全球变暖潜值、环境酸化潜值、富营养化潜值均较化肥小。若用有机肥替代化肥使用,生命周期环境影响综合指数将由化肥的1.4141变为0.5058,将会减少能耗59.22GJ,全球变暖潜力、环境酸化潜力、富营养化潜力分别比化肥降低17.54%,62.64%,52.86%。所以,从平衡生命周期能源消耗、环境排放角度出发,有机肥具有替代化肥的潜力。
Life cycle assessment methods were used to analyze the life cycle resource consumption and pollutant emission inventory of chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers. Based on this, a comparative assessment of life cycles was carried out. The results showed that the main environmental impacts of chemical fertilizers were acidification caused by NH3 volatilization in fertilization process, followed by energy depletion and global warming. The environmental impact of organic fertilizers mainly concentrated on acidification caused by composting, followed by global warming, Eutrophication. Comprehensive comparison, throughout the life cycle, depletion of organic fertilizer resources, global warming potential, environmental acidification potential, eutrophication potential than fertilizer. If organic fertilizer is used instead of chemical fertilizer, the comprehensive index of life cycle environmental impact will change from 1.4141 of chemical fertilizer to 0.5058, which will reduce energy consumption by 59.22GJ. The global warming potential, environmental acidification potential and eutrophication potential decrease by 17.54% 62.64%, 52.86%. Therefore, to balance the life cycle of energy consumption, environmental emissions point of view, organic fertilizer has the potential to replace fertilizers.