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研究了不同施肥方式对农田土壤有机碳(SOC)及其组分的影响,为提高土壤肥力提供依据。以5年定位试验为对象,研究了不施肥(N1)、常规施氮(N2)、推荐施氮(N3)、减量施氮(N4),增量施氮(N5)和推荐施氮+秸秆覆盖(N3+S)等六个不同施肥方式对土壤有机碳不同组分的影响。结果表明,0~20 cm土层内以N3处理土壤总有机碳(TOC)含量最高,为14.732 g kg-1,较N1显著增加12.44%,其次是N5处理,为14.39 g kg-1,较N1显著增加11.92%;0~20 cm土层内,不同处理土壤水溶性有机碳(WSOC)含量不尽相同,但差异未达到显著水平,而在20~40 cm土层中,表现为N3+S>N3>N1>N4>N2>N5,20~40 cm土层中,N4处理的WSOC含量较0~20 cm有所减少,其降幅达37%;不同施肥方式土壤微生物量碳(SMBC)在0~20 cm土层中表现为:N3+S>N4>N2>N3>N5>N1,而在20~40 cm土层中,与N1比较其他四种施肥方式达到显著水平;土壤易氧化有机碳(ROC)含量在0~20 cm土层表现为:N3+S>N3>N5>N4>N2>N1,而在20~40 cm土层中为N3>N4>N3+S>N5>N2>N1。总体而言,N3有利于耕层土壤有机碳及其组分的积累,配施秸秆还田效果更佳。
The effects of different fertilization methods on soil organic carbon (SOC) and its components in farmland were studied to provide evidence for improving soil fertility. Based on the 5-year experiment, the effects of no fertilizer (N1), conventional nitrogen fertilizer (N2), recommended nitrogen fertilizer (N3), reduced nitrogen fertilizer (N4), incremental nitrogen fertilizer (N5) Effects of six different fertilization modes including straw mulching (N3 + S) on different components of soil organic carbon. The results showed that the content of total organic carbon (TOC) in soil from 0 to 20 cm soil layer was the highest (14.732 g kg-1) with N3 treatment, significantly increased by 12.44% compared with N1, followed by N5 treatment, which was 14.39 g kg-1 N1 increased significantly by 11.92%. In 0-20 cm soil layer, the contents of soil water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) in different treatments were not the same, but the difference did not reach significant level, while in 20-40 cm soil layer, the content of N3 + N5> N> N> N> N2> N5. In 20-40 cm soil layer, WSOC content of N4 treatment decreased by 0-20 cm compared with that of 0-20 cm soil layer, which decreased by 37%. Soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) In 0 ~ 20 cm soil layer, N3 + S> N4> N2> N3> N5> N1, while in the 20 ~ 40 cm soil layer, compared with N1, the other four fertilization methods reached a significant level; soil easily oxidized The content of organic carbon (ROC) in 0 ~ 20 cm soil layer was: N3 + S> N3> N5> N4> N2> N1, while that of N3> N4> N3 + S> N5> N2> N1. In general, N3 is beneficial to the accumulation of soil organic carbon and its components in topsoil, and the application of straw to soil is better.